MorphOS Library - User contributions [en]

Applications/Iris

2026-06-30T12:54:41Z

JPV: Added mention about Contacts

== Description ==

Iris is a modern IMAP based email client for MorphOS. It combines several contemporary technologies like WebKit, OAuth2, ObjectiveC++ and VMIME to form the most advanced native application for Amiga®-compatible operating systems.

It also includes a tightly integrated CardDAV client (''Contacts'') that can download your GMail contacts, iCloud contacts as well as from any compatible CardDav server.

== Features ==

* Extensive IMAP support based on VMime, including local storage and folder management
* Verified by Google to access Gmail accounts via OAuth2/Sign in with Google
* OAuth2 authentication support for Outlook.com and Yahoo! Mail
* Support for all common authentication and security methods
* Support for custom / self-signed server certificates
* Encryption of passwords and authentication keys via cryptostorage.library
* Email account autoconfiguration
* Multiple accounts
* Can read archived folders and folders managed by other email applications
* HTML email support within the application thanks to inclusion of WebKit
* Rich text email editing, including a spell checker
* Attachments including embedding images in emails
* Full Unicode support, everywhere in the application
* Massive multithreading for all of networking and I/O operations
* Read-only offline mode
* Support for OpenURL
* PDF export of emails
* Written in ObjectiveC++

== Screenshots ==
<center>
[[File:MorphOS_3.16_Iris.png | 640px]]
[[File:MorphOS_3.16_Iris_Settings.png | 640px]]
</center>

== See Also ==
* [https://iris-morphos.com/ Iris home page]

Utilities/Commodities

2026-06-30T12:35:13Z

JPV:

Commodities are tools which are run as background processes affecting system behaviour.

Commodities are typically started with no GUI, so cannot be usually be shut down by accessing a menu or using a shortcut key. Exchange (the Commodity Manager tool) is used to start and stop individual commodities and access their interface to adjust settings.

== Exchange ==

Exchange is the commodities manager. This allows the user to monitor which commodities are running, manage their behaviour and settings, and activate, deactivate or remove individual commodities. Exchange can also be quite useful for accessing applications whose windows have been 'hidden'.

Notes: Also available though Ambient RMB > Utilities > Exchange or with the keyboard shortcut ''Cmd+H''.

:[[File:Exchange.png]]

== Expose ==

The Expose application switcher pops up a window to select a running application when the ''Command+Tab'' keyboard combination is pressed, which can also be configured to send ARexx commands to the application instead of just bringing a window to front. Expose is a commodity and its settings window can be opened by selecting Show Interface in Exchange.

:[[File:MorphOS_3.16_Expose.png | 640px]]
:[[File:MorphOS_3.16_Expose_Settings1.png | 320px]] [[File:MorphOS_3.16_Expose_Settings2.png | 320px]]

== MagicBeacon ==

MagicBeacon is a highly configurable notification and messaging system and its settings are available via the main MorphOS Preferences application.

Notifications are triggered by system signals, programs that support MagicBeacon, or ARexx and [[Shell_Commands/SendBeacon | Shell commands]]. When a notification is created by this method, MagicBeacon executes a pre-defined action. The action can either launch an external program or display information in the screenbar or in a popup bubble.

Documentation is available in the ''SYS:MorphOS/Locale/Help/english/MagicBeacon.guide'' file.

:[[File:MorphOS_3.16_Notification.gif]]
:[[File:MorphOS_3.16_Notification_Prefs3.png | 640px]]

== Mixer ==

Master audio hardware controls: output volume, recording levels and mixing.
Volume and recording level controls available through individual applications are scaled within these global settings.

Notes:
* Output volume control is also available through the 'volume' screenbar.
* This commodity is now located in the WBStartup drawer.

:[[File:Mixer.png]]

== StickyQualifiers ==

Makes qualifier keys (Alt, Command, Control, Shift), or their combinations, to stay in the pressed state without physically holding them down.

:[[File:StickyQualifiers.png]]

Creating Backups

2026-06-30T12:08:53Z

JPV: Added mentions about new backup programs in 3.20

== Things to Consider ==

There are a few things to keep in mind when planning a data backup operation on MorphOS.

=== Preserving File Attributes ===

MorphOS uses Amiga specific file attributes that include [[Shell_Commands/Protect|protection flags]] and [[Shell_Commands/FileNote|file comments]]. These aren't preserved if files are copied directly into an "alien" filesystem (FAT, Ext, SMBFS, etc) or archiving format (Zip, Rar, etc.). Solutions for the issue is to use Amiga attributes aware filesystems, archivers, or backup programs directly, or encapsulate files into a compatible image file before copying or archiving the whole image file into an alien media.

It is especially important to preserve file attributes when making a backup of the system partition, and it would be a good practice for installed software in other locations too. It doesn't usually do any harm to copy generic data files into an "alien" destination, but even then you might lose file comments that indicate origin of the file, for instance.

=== Preserving File Links ===

A source directory structure may contain file links that are like shortcuts to actual files or directories. The links can be either soft or hard links, but usually soft links in practice. The hard links aren't supported by all MorphOS filesystems, so it's quite safe to assume that all links are soft links.

There aren't any soft links in a default MorphOS installation, but the MorphOS Software Development Kit relies on them and it should be remembered when creating a backup. Users may also [[Shell_Commands/MakeLink | create soft links]] for their own use, for example, to link configuration or cache directories of programs to different locations ([[Tips_and_Tricks#How_to_Reduce_OWB.27s_HD_Writes|example]]).

If you don't take soft links into account when creating a backup, the soft links are either skipped or converted into real files, which means they take twice the space and lose their original purpose.

=== Destination File Size Limits ===

Backing-up into a single file, like an archive or image file, may result a large file that exceeds destination filesystem limits and causes the backup process to fail. The [[Filesystems]] page contains information about supported filesystems and their file size limits (the ''Max File Size'' column).

=== Be Careful with Content Changes While Backing-up ===

Backing-up a live system you have booted from is always a bit risky, or at least you should be totally sure that nothing (by your activity or background processes) writes to the data that is being backed-up, as this could be fatal, especially for partition/disk cloning by raw image files. It's highly advisable to unmount partitions first when making raw image backups.

The best practice is to boot from another media to make backups. Booting from the [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS installation media] is a good choice, especially if the beta timeout is removed with the [https://www.morphos-storage.net/?find=registeriso RegisterISO] program.

== Cloning a Partition or Hard Disk as an Image File ==

The '''RAWDISK:''' device is an easy way to create an exact copy of a partition or hard disk. It can be used to browse devices for raw data of entire disks or separate partitions. Creating an image file is just a matter of copying a corresponding file to another location.

To access the RAWDISK: device, just type RAWDISK: in the Shell, or open an Ambient lister and press the / key to type RAWDISK: into the path string.

There are two directories at the root level of the RAWDISK: device. The Devices directory contains all raw data of each device and unit found in the system. For example, mass storage devices connected to the internal IDE controller of a computer could be found under the ide.device sub-directory and USB mass storage devices under the usbscsi.device sub-directory. The second directory at the root level is Disks, and it contains raw data images of mounted partitions. It isn't that useful for backups, as there's a risk that data on a partition changes while copying a backup.

MorphOS 3.20 also provided a less manual solution for reading and writing image files. The [[Tools/DriveImager | DriveImager]] tool is an easy GUI based program to read and write image files.

=== Creating a Backup ===

To create a full backup of an entire disk, either use the [[Tools/DriveImager | DriveImager]] tool or manually navigate to the ''RAWDISK:Devices/<your.device>/<unit>/'' directory. For example, a hard disk drive connected on the internal IDE port of a Mac mini computer would use the path ''RAWDISK:Devices/ide.device/0/''. The directory contains the rawdisk file, which is practically the raw data of the entire disk presented as a file. There's also a sub-directory that is named after the partition table of the disk (MAC, RDB, MBR), and that directory contains all partitions found on the disk as separate files.

In theory, a full backup of an entire disk would be just copying the ''rawdisk'' file to another location, but remember that the file size is in most cases huge, so keep the destination filesystem limits in mind. An ext2 or ext3 formatted backup drive will work fine, for instance.

Example:
Ram Disk:> Copy RAWDISK:Devices/ide.device/0/rawdisk BackupEXT2:harddisk.img

==== Pitfalls ====

If you want to mount partitions from a raw image file at some point, there's a pitfall in it. MorphOS doesn't play well when different partitions share the same '''volume name'''. For example, if the System: partition is mounted from both the original HDD and the backup image, there will be issues. A solution for it is to name the partitions differently in the original location and in the backup. Probably the easiest solution is to rename ([[Shell_Commands/Relabel|relabel]]) the original partitions before making the backup, and then rename them back to the original after a successful backup process.

Also, contents of partitions that are being backed-up shouldn't change while creating a backup, as it can break the filesystem structure. The best practise is to '''unmount partitions''' before copying them from the RAWDISK: device. Unmounting can be done, for example, with the [[Tools/Mounter|Mounter]] tool. Booting from another media before making a backup is highly recommended, or being very careful otherwise.

=== Updating a Backup ===

An image file that has been copied from the RAWDISK: device can be mounted with the [[Tools/FileImageCtrl|FileImageCtrl]] tool, but remember the previous pitfall. If you don't always want to make a time consuming full image backup, you could use some other program, like [[Creating_Backups#MirrorCopy|MirrorCopy]], to keep a mounted backup synced.

=== Restoring from a Backup ===

There are two ways to restore a raw image backup. Either the image can be mounted and any required files can be copied where desired, or the entire image file can be written to a storage device overwriting everything previously on it.

When writing a rawdisk image back to a device, it must be copied either with the [[Shell_Commands/Copy|Copy]] command with the '''DIRECT''' argument or with the cp command from the [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS SDK]. Ambient or 3rd party filemanagers don't work to do this. Since MorphOS 3.20 it can also be done with the [[Tools/DriveImager | DriveImager]] tool.

'''Be very careful when selecting a destination device to write an image file!''' For example, when writing to a USB storage device, the unit number may always be different. '''Always check the correct destination device and unit''' from the RAWDISK: directory structure. The partition table directory under the unit directory offers a good hint.

== Copying Files Directly to a Destination ==

Opposite to raw image copying, backups can also be made at the filesystem level by copying individual files directly to the destination filesystem, but more attention must be paid for getting an exact copy or the original data.

=== Destination ===

==== Formatted Drive ====

An effortless solution for backups is to have a drive, or partition, that contains a compatible [[Filesystems|filesystem]]. As discussed at the start, a MorphOS compatible filesystem, like SFS or PFS, is needed to preserve file properties correctly.

USB or FireWire drives can also be partitioned and formatted with a compatible filesystem using the [[Tools/HDConfig|HDConfig]] tool. For example, change the partition map from the gadget before the drive name to RDB and add new partition(s). They are set for SFS by default, but it's recommended to change the name to something more original and increase the default buffer value slightly. After saving, [[Tools/Format|format]] the partition(s) with ''Quick Format'', and decide if you need the ''Recycled'' directory in this kind of use. For USB back-ups a HDD with an external PSU is the safest bet, but it doesn't mean that USB sticks wouldn't work instead.

==== Image File ====

Another option is to create an image file that is formatted with a compatible filesystem, and then copy files on the mounted image file. In this way the backup can be stored to an alien filesystem, like FAT formatted USB devices or Samba shares, without losing file attributes of original files. File size limits of the destination filesystem must be kept in mind though.

There are several ways to create an image file for backing-up:

* The [[Tools/MirrorBackup | MirrorBackup]] tool can create and format a backup (virtual) image file for you.
* A base backup image can be copied from the RAWDISK: device as described previously in the article.
* Create a new empty file with the [[Shell_Commands/FileWrite|FileWrite]] command, mount it as '''MorphOS SFS''' in [[Tools/FileImageCtrl|FileImageCtrl]], and Quick Format it (maybe with Recycled disabled).
* Create an encrypted disk image with the [[Applications/Kryptos|Kryptos]] application.

=== Copying Files ===

==== The Copy Command and Ambient File Copying ====

The [[Shell_Commands/Copy|Copy command]] from the Shell or drag&drop copying from Ambient can be used to make a full base backup, but they aren't that good for syncing the backup later. These also don't work with file links properly, because links are converted to regular files, which doesn't produce an exact copy of MorphOS SDK, for instance.

When using the Copy command from the Shell, remember to use the '''CLONE''' argument with it to ensure all protection bits, dates, etc. are copied just as in source files.

Example:
Ram Disk:> Copy System: Backup:System/ ALL CLONE QUIET

==== MirrorCopy ====

The built-in [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCopy | MirrorCopy]] shell command (don't mix it up with 3rd party programs of the same name! Especially not with the 68k one) is a very comprehensive mirroring tool for MorphOS. It can be used to make exact copies of directories where files that are deleted from the source directory will be removed from the backup directory too. It handles file links properly, which makes it useful for backing up the directory structure that contains the SDK directory.

Updating a backup is much faster than with the standard Copy command, because only changed/added/removed files are updated in the existing backup directory. With the Copy command you'd have to copy all the files over and over again.

'''Note that with the default options, all files that don't exist in the source directory will be deleted from the destination directory! Be very careful when supplying the destination directory (TO) for the progam!''' If you have separate directories for each partition on your backup destination, and you mistakenly give the root directory as the destination for MirrorCopy, all other backups will be lost!

Examples:

Create an exact mirror of a directory (non-existing files will be deleted):
Ram Disk:> mirrorcopy FROM System: TO Backup:System/ ALL

Copy changed and new files, but don't purge deleted files from the destination:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcopy FROM Work:Stuff/ TO Backup:Stuff/ ALL NODEL

Move deleted files to another directory instead of deleting them completely:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcopy FROM System: TO Backup:System/ ALL DELDIR Backup:SystemDeleted

See [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCopy | MirrorCopy]]'s documentation for more options.

==== MirrorBackup ====

The built-in [[Tools/MirrorBackup | MirrorBackup]] tool is a comprehensive GUI based backup solution that basically shares the same code paths with MirrorCopy. It can automate backing-up to virtual image files and Samba shares.

==== Third Party Programs ====

There are many third party programs for backing-up, mirroring, incremental copying, etc.. Here's one example.

===== BackUp =====

[https://aminet.net/package/disk/bakup/BackUp BackUp] by Daniel Westerberg is a 68k backing-up/mirroring program, but it works nicely on MorphOS too. It has an easy to use GUI, but can also be used from the Shell or scripts.

BackUp supports soft links and has the '''Clean''' option to delete destination files that don't exist in the source anymore. It is a valid alternative for MirrorCopy if you prefer a GUI based program. Also, remember to '''set the destination correctly if using the Clean option to avoid loss of unintentional files!'''

== Creating a Backup Archive ==

Backing-up into archives is yet another option, but it is generally slower than other options, at least if compression is involved. The resulting backup size can be smaller though, and there may be error checking included.

With archivers it's also important to use ones that will preserve all file attributes, which disqualifies Zip and most other mainstream archivers.

Instructions presented here are valid only for programs (commands) provided within MorphOS or [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS SDK]. Options and results may vary if using third party replacements for archiving or unarchiving.

=== LhA ===

[[Shell_Commands/LhA|LhA]] is a de-facto archiver on MorphOS (and Amiga), which was made to handle all related files and their properties, but it has its quirks and it doesn't support file links either. So don't use it for backing-up the MorphOS SDK.

LhA has tens of options and here are some that are important to achieve a successful backup:
<nowiki>
-e Archive empty directories
-r Collect files recursively
-x Preserve and use path names
-H Write header level ( 0,1,2 )
-z Do not compress files</nowiki>

It's safer to increase the header level from the default (0) to, for example, -H1, because some deeper file paths/comments may be too long and so be skipped with the -H0 level. Edit: the default header level was changed to H1 in MorphOS 3.20.

Disabling the compression creates backups faster, but increases the resulting file size.

Example:
System:> lha -e -x -r a Backup:System.lha #?

=== Tar ===

The separately installable [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS Software Development Kit] (SDK) comes with a Tar version that will preserve MorphOS file arguments and it also handles the problematic file links correctly.

To preserve file attributes and comments with Tar, the '''--xattrs''' argument must be provided when creating and extracting an archive. '''Note''' that this only works with the Tar version from the SDK, it doesn't work with the 3rd party ports of Tar.

As Tar originates from other platforms, it still has some peculiarities. For example, files/directories starting with a dot will need some extra magic or compromises.

Example:
System:> tar --xattrs -cf Backup:System.tar #?

== Creating an ISO Image Backup ==

[[Applications/Jalapeno|Jalapeno]] is a CD/DVD authoring tool that is bundled with MorphOS, and it can be used to create ISO image files for backup purposes. It supports MorphOS file attributes and comments, but it doesn't support file links and contents can't be updated.

An option to create an ISO image can be accessed via the pulldown menu in the '''Burn Files''' section. If the resulting image file is larger than 1GB, Jalapeno splits it into 1GB parts. Those parts can be joined into one big image file with the [[Shell_Commands/Join|Join]] command in the Shell, but remember the filesize limits of your target filesystem.

Restoring files from an ISO image is easy, the image file can be browsed in Ambient or mounted as a drive from the RMB context menu.

After making an ISO image of the System partition, it's even possible to boot the computer from it if it resides on a compatible drive/filesystem, just like booting from the MorphOS installation ISO image.

== Custom Backup Programs and Formats ==

There are some other less standard options for backing-up using dedicated programs, like [https://www.morphos-storage.net/?find=diavolo Diavolo]. They may have some extra features like scheduling and comparing of backups, but they usually save backups into custom formats that require that specific program to be accessed. Many of these programs are also outdated for today's standards and may not support file links (enable the ''3.1 or better'' filesystem option in Diavolo for the file link support), etc.. If you're not completely familiar with the programs, it might be better to make backups on formats that are more common and accessible in the future to be sure.

== Validating a Backup ==

When a backup has been created, it's important to check its validity, as there might have been data that wasn't copied successfully. It could be something you didn't consider when selecting a backup method or other unexpected situations.

The minimum you should do is to check if file/directory sizes of source and destination paths match. For a more thorough test, a separate program that compares directories and data in them should be used.

The built-in [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCheck | MirrorCheck]] shell command is a good option to compare directories. It can compare file data (reads entire files), file name casing, owner info, protection bits, comments, dates, sizes, and existence of files. Each of these checks can be skipped if there's no need to compare certain things or you get too many reports of unimportant tests. For a quick check the file data comparison can be disabled or if you're making incremental backups, the existence check can be skipped in either or both directories.

Examples:

Full check:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcheck System: Backup:System/ QUIET

Skip the file data check:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcheck System: Backup:System/ SKIP="F" QUIET

Skip Name case, Owner info, and Date checks:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcheck System: Backup:System/ SKIP="NOD" QUIET

Filesystems

2026-06-30T08:49:48Z

JPV: Added SFS2 info

== About ==
This page collects information about file systems working natively under MorphOS. In addition to these, Amiga 68k file systems can be used too ([[Preparing_an_Amiga_Hard_Drive|example]]).

'''NOTE: this page is still under construction and many values would need to be verified!''' Any feedback is welcome to this [https://morph.zone/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=12144&forum=3 thread].

== Disk File Systems ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:left;"| Name
! style="text-align:left;"| Location
! style="text-align:left;"| Bootable
! style="text-align:left;"| Native File Properties
! style="text-align:left;"| Max File Name Length
! style="text-align:left;"| Max File Size
! style="text-align:left;"| Max Partition Size
! style="text-align:left;"| Notes
|-
| Smart File System (SFS, SFS2)
| Built-in (boot.img)
| Yes
| Yes
| 107
| 4 GiB - 2 (SFS), 256 TiB - 1 (SFS2)
| 128 GiB (SFS), 2 TiB (SFS2)
| SFS is the default file system
|-
| Professional File System III (PFS3)
| Built-in (boot.img)
| Yes
| Yes
| 107
| 2 GiB
| 104 GiB
| Legacy support for PFS2 and AFS1
|-
| Fast File System 2 (FFS)
| Built-in (boot.img)
| Yes
| Yes
| 107
| 4 GiB - 2 bytes
| 2 TiB to 128 TiB
| Legacy support for OFS and FFS
|-
| FAT File System (FAT)
| Built-in (boot.img)
| Yes
| No
| 255* (UCS-2)
| 4 GiB
| 2 TiB
| Supports FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32 with LFN
|-
| Mac File System (HFS)
| Built-in (MOSSYS:L)
| No
| No
| 31
| 2 GiB
| 2 TiB
|
|-
| Hierarchical File System (HFS+)
| Built-in (MOSSYS:L)
| No
| No
| 255* (UTF-16)
| 2 TiB**
| 2 TiB**
| Read-only
|-
| Second Extended File System (ext2, ext3, ext4)
| Built-in (MOSSYS:L)
| No
| No
| 255*
| 16 GiB to 2 TiB
| 2 TiB
| Limited read-only support for ext4
|-
| NT File System (NTFS)
| Built-in (MOSSYS:L)
| No
| No
| 255*
| 2 TiB**
| 2 TiB**
| Read-only
|-
| SGI X File System (XFS)
| Built-in (MOSSYS:L)
| No
| No
| 255*
| 2 TiB**
| 2 TiB**
| Read-only
|-
| Ice File System (IceFS)
| 3rd party ([https://www.morphos-storage.net/?find=ice-fs link])
| Yes/No
| Yes
| 107 (255)
| 9 EB
| 9 EB
| Bootable on Pegasos and Efika, but not on Macs
|-
| ExFAT File System (ExFAT)
| 3rd party ([https://www.morphos-storage.net/?find=exfat link])
| No
| No
| 255 UTF-16
| 128 PiB
| 128 PiB
|
|-
| NT File System 3G (NTFS-3G)
| 3rd party ([https://www.morphos-storage.net/?find=ntfs link])
| No
| No
| 255
| 16 EiB
| 16 EiB
| Can't be placed on RDB
|-
| FS1541
| 3rd party ([http://aminet.net/package/disk/misc/FS1541-MorphOS link])
| No
| No
| 16
| 164 KiB
| 170 KiB
| For CBM 1541 disks/images
|-
| CDRive File System (CDFS)
| Built-in (boot.img)
| Yes
| Yes
| 255*
|
|
| ISO 9660/Amiga Rock Ridge/Joliet, audio as WAV files, ISO file support
|}

<nowiki>* </nowiki>Filenames over 107 characters will be stripped

<nowiki>** </nowiki>Theoretical sizes may be bigger, but filesystems using deviceio.library are limited to 2 TiB

== Network File Systems ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:left;"| Name
! style="text-align:left;"| Location
! style="text-align:left;"| Native File Properties
! style="text-align:left;"| Notes
|-
| [https://library.morph.zone/Mounting_Network_Drives#SmbFS SmbFS]
| Built-in (MOSSYS:C)
| No
| For mounting Windows shares or Samba shares (SMB1) on other platforms
|-
| [https://library.morph.zone/Mounting_Network_Drives#Smb2FS Smb2FS]
| Built-in (MOSSYS:C)
| No
| For mounting Windows shares or Samba shares (SMB2/3) on other platforms
|-
| [https://library.morph.zone/Mounting_Network_Drives#Ssh2FS Ssh2FS]
| Built-in (MOSSYS:C)
| No
| For mounting SFTP shares on other platforms
|-
| [https://library.morph.zone/Mounting_Network_Drives#NetFS_Revised NetFS Revised]
| 3rd party ([http://aminet.net/package/comm/net/NetFS-revised link])
| Yes
| For mounting partitions between MorphOS and/or AmigaOS systems
|-
| [https://library.morph.zone/Mounting_Network_Drives#FTPMount FTPMount]
| 3rd party ([http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/FTPMount_MOS link])
| No
| For mounting FTP sites as part of a filesystem
|-
| [https://library.morph.zone/Mounting_Network_Drives#Google_Drive_and_Dropbox_Handlers Amiga Cloud Handlers]
| 3rd party ([http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmigaCloudHandlers link])
| No
| For mounting Google Drive and Dropbox storage
|}

Shell Commands/Trashcan

2026-06-29T14:40:47Z

JPV: Created page with "'''Trashcan''' - Controls Trashcan FILE,RESTORE/S,EMPTY/S <nowiki> FILE - File to restore RESTORE - Restore a file from the Trashcan to its original location EMPTY - Em..."

'''Trashcan''' - Controls Trashcan

FILE,RESTORE/S,EMPTY/S
<nowiki>
FILE - File to restore
RESTORE - Restore a file from the Trashcan to its original location
EMPTY - Empty the Trashcan</nowiki>

Examples:
Trashcan trashed_file.txt RESTORE
Trashcan EMPTY

Shell Commands

2026-06-29T14:33:36Z

JPV: Added Trashcan

In order to find out how to use a particular command, type its name in a shell window, add '?' (without quotes) and press Enter. An explanation of MorphOS Shell arguments can be found [[Shell_Commands/Arguments | here]].

For learning how pattern matching (wildcards) works on MorphOS, please read the [[Pattern_matching | Pattern Matching]] article.

Names written in ''italics'' are internal commands, which can't be found as separate files from your filesystem, but you can list them with the Resident command.

By installing [https://www.morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS Software Development Kit] you will also get hundreds of traditional Unix commands which aren't listed here. 3rd party commands (native and legacy commands) can be installed by copying them to the SYS:C/ directory.

{|
| [[Shell_Commands/AddAudioModes | AddAudioModes]] || Builds and removes audio modes that AHI can understand
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/AddBuffers | AddBuffers]] || Adds or displays cache buffers allocated for a drive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/AddDataTypes | AddDataTypes]] || Activates datatypes or adds another datatype
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/AddUSBClasses | AddUSBClasses]] || Add or remove Classes from the USB stack
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/AddUSBHardware | AddUSBHardware]] || Manually add or remove USB hardware to/from MorphOS
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Alias | ''Alias'']] || Sets or displays command aliases
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ARP | ARP]] || Displays and manipulates the Address Resolution Protocol cache
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Ask | ''Ask'']] || Displays a question at the execution of a script
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/AskHost | AskHost]] || Displays the hostent information of a host
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Assign | Assign]] || Lists, creates, modifies or removes an assign from MorphOS
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Automator | Automator]] || Controls MUI applications from scripts
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Avail | Avail]] || Displays the amount of free memory available
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Battery | Battery]] || Displays laptop's battery information
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Beep | Beep]] || Flashes the current front-most screen
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/BindDrivers | BindDrivers]] || Activates device drivers in expansion drawer (outdated)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Break | Break]] || Allows to send a signal (for eg. CTRL+C) to a process
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Bz2 | Bz2]] || Compresses or decompresses files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/CD | ''CD'']] || Changes or displays current directory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ChangeTaskPri | ChangeTaskPri]] || Changes the priority of the given process
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ClearRAMDebugLog | ClearRAMDebugLog]] || Clears the RAM debug log
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/CLI | CLI]] || Starts a new interactive CLI on the system
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Clip | Clip]] || Manages clipboard contents
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Clone | Clone]] || Reads the standard input or a file and writes it to both standard output and a specified file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Cls | ''Cls'']] || Clears the console window
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ConClip | ConClip]] || Activates or De-activates the Clipboard
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ConvertText | ConvertText]] || Converts a text file to a different character encoding
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Copy | Copy]] || Copies a source file or directory to another directory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/CPU | CPU]] || Displays information about the CPU of the computer
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Date | Date]] || Displays or sets the date and time of the system
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Debug | Debug]] || Sets debug options
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Delete | Delete]] || Deletes one or more files/directories
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DevList | DevList]] || Displays a list of all devices present in memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Dir | Dir]] || Lists file and directory names (w/o attributes)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DiskCache | DiskCache]] || Reworked DynamiCache disk caching engine to improve I/O performance
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DiskChange | DiskChange]] || Informs MorphOS of a diskchange
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DiskFree | DiskFree]] || Displays available space of specified volume
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DOSList | DOSList]] || Displays a detailed list of devices, volumes, and assigns
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DRadioTool | DRadioTool]] || Controls an USB Radio manufactured by D-Link or GemTek
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Echo | ''Echo'']] || Displays the specified message
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Ed | Ed]] || A simple text editor
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Eject | Eject]] || Simple command to eject CD media
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Else | ''Else'']] || Specifies an alternative for an IF statement in a script file.
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/EndCLI | ''EndCLI'']] || Closes CLI/Shell Window or Tab
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/EndIf | ''EndIf'']] || Terminates an IF block in a script file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/EndShell | ''EndShell'']] || Closes CLI/Shell Window or Tab
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/EndSkip | ''EndSkip'']] || Stops a SKIP branch
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Eval | Eval]] || Evaluates a mathematical expression
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Exe2Arc | Exe2Arc]] || Extracts the archive data from self extracting archive files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Execute | Execute]] || Executes a batch file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Failat | ''Failat'']] || Changes failure limit for scripts (0=Ok, 5=Warn, 10=Error)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Fault | ''Fault'']] || Translates numeric error codes to ASCII text
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FileNote | FileNote]] || Set a comment for a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FileWrite | FileWrite]] || Writes data to a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FlushLib | FlushLib]] || Removes unused libraries from memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Format | Format]] || Formats a disk
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Freeze | Freeze]] || Suspends tasks
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FSDie | FSDie]] || Kills a filesystem from a drive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FSList | FSList]] || Displays a list of all FileSystem present in memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FSPrefs | FSPrefs]] || Sets preferences for specified device
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FSTest | FSTest]] || Benchmarks some basic FileSystem operations
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Get | ''Get'']] || Displays the contents of a local environment variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Getenv | ''Getenv'']] || Displays the contents of a global environment variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/GetRAMDebugLog | GetRAMDebugLog]] || Writes the RAM debug log to a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HDMBRClear | HDMBRClear]] || Clears a master boot record from a drive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HDRead | HDRead]] || Reads sector(s) from device/unit and dumps them to shell
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HDTest | HDTest]] || Benchmark FileSystem operations using direct device access
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HDWrite | HDWrite]] || Writes sectors to a drive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HFSSetMacBoot | HFSSetMacBoot]] || Sets HFS specific attributes so MAC can autoboot
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HI | HI]] || Send all active ARexx programs an external halt request
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/IconX | IconX]] || Executes a batch file from the desktop (Ambient)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ID | ID]] || Prints UID and GID of a user
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/IDEStandby | IDEStandby]] || Spins down the motor of IDE HDs
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/If | ''If'']] || Adds intelligent branching to scripts
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/IfConfig | IfConfig]] || Configures network interfaces and shows interface configurations
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/iKill | iKill]] || Kills the specified program and tries to free its resources
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Info | Info]] || Displays information about mounted filesystems
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Install | Install]] || Writes a boot block or inspects a boot block on a floppy disk or a PCMCIA card, or a compatible device
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Installer | Installer]] || Installs software by interpreting their installation scripts
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/IPrefs | IPrefs]] || Initialises preferences files on startup
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Join | Join]] || Joins several files into one bigger file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Lab | ''Lab'']] || Defines a label in a batch file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LhA | LhA]] || Compresses or uncompresses files/dirs
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LibList | LibList]] || Displays information about libraries present in memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/List | List]] || Lists the contents of the specified directory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LoadLib | LoadLib]] || Loads libraries or classes into memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LoadMonDrvs | LoadMonDrvs]] || Loads monitor (ie: graphic) drivers
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LoadWB | LoadWB]] || Loads the desktop manager (Ambient)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Lock | Lock]] || Write-protects a drive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Login | Login]] || Logs in as a different user
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LuaX | LuaX]] || Interprets a Lua script
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LZMADec | LZMADec]] || Uncompresses files in the LZMA format
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LZMAInfo | LZMAInfo]] || Shows information stored in the .lzma file header
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/MakeDir | MakeDir]] || Creates a Directory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/MakeLink | MakeLink]] || Creates a hard or soft link
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/MemTest | MemTest]] || Runs a memory test
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCheck | MirrorCheck]] || Compares contents of two directories recursively
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCopy | MirrorCopy]] || Mirrors directory trees
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ModList | ModList]] || Displays a list of resident modules
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Mount | Mount]] || Makes a new device known to MorphOS
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/NetConfig | NetConfig]] || Configures network interfaces
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/NetworksHelper | NetworksHelper]] || Mount and configure network shares
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/NewCLI | ''NewCLI'']] || Starts a new interactive CLI/SHELL on the system
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Newer | Newer]] || Compares if a file is newer than an another file in shell scripts
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/NewShell | ''NewShell'']] || Starts a new interactive CLI/SHELL on the system
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/OFArc | OFArc]] || Extracts and creates .gz, .lha, .tar, .tgz, .zip, and .zoo files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/OFDNS | OFDNS]] || Performs DNS lookups
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Offline | Offline]] || Brings a network interface offline
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/OFHash | OFHash]] || Calculates MD5, RIPEMD-160, SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 hashes of files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/OFHTTP | OFHTTP]] || Performs HTTP and HTTPS requests and downloads files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Online | Online]] || Brings a network interface online
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Open | Open]] || Opens files and locations
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/OpenURL | OpenURL]] || Opens the openurl.library to pass a URL to the appropriate application depending on the URL's protocol and the specified OpenURL prefs settings
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Passwd | Passwd]] || Changes a user's password
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Path | ''Path'']] || Sets or displays the search path for executables
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PathPart | PathPart]] || Extracts directory or file name from a path, or assembles a path
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PCIScan | PCIScan]] || This command outputs extensive information about the PCI bus
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PCIWrite | PCIWrite]] || Tool to communicate with PCI devices
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PenCamTool | PenCamTool]] || Read out images from an USB webcam using the STV680 chip
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSDiskValid | PFSDiskValid]] || Analyses or fixes a PFS3 volume
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSFormat | PFSFormat]] || Formats a PFS3 partition
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSList | PFSList]] || Lists directory contents with PFS3 specific information
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSMakeRollover | PFSMakeRollover]] || Creates rollover files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSSetDeldir | PFSSetDeldir]] || Sets or displays the size of the .deldir directory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSSetFileNameSize | PFSSetFileNameSize]] || Sets or retrieves the maximum length of filenames
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSSetRollover | PFSSetRollover]] || Manipulates rollover files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Ping | Ping]] || Ping is a utility to measure round-trip-times and check reachability of a host over a IP-network
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Play | Play]] || Plays audio files supported by the Reggae multimedia framework
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PlayMidi | PlayMidi]] || CAMD Midi player
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PortList | PortList]] || Displays a list of ports of running programs
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PowerMac7FanControl | PowerMac7FanControl]] || For controlling the fan speed and reporting fan status and system sensor temperatures on PowerMac7 systems
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PowManTool | PowManTool]] || Very simple shell tool to control GemBird SIS-PM Silvershield PowerManager sockets/outlets
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Prompt | ''Prompt'']] || Changes the prompt for the current CLI/Shell
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Protect | Protect]] || Changes the protection bits of a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PsdStackloaderToMOSPrefs | PsdStackloaderToMOSPrefs]] || Obsoleted USB stack related command
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Quit | ''Quit'']] || Exits a batch file with specified return code
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Quote | Quote]] || Quotes strings in various ways
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Reboot | Reboot]] || Resets the computer
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Relabel | Relabel]] || Changes the name of a disk
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RemRAD | RemRAD]] || Removes recoverable RAM-Drive from the system
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Rename | Rename]] || Renames files and directories
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RequestChoice | RequestChoice]] || Asks for input via a requester
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RequestFile | RequestFile]] || Asks for a filename via a file requester
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RequestString | RequestString]] || Asks for a string via a requester
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Replace | Replace]] || Modifies text and binary files by replacing data
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Resident | ''Resident'']] || Adds or Removes a command in memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ResList | ResList]] || Displays a list of all resources in memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RexxMast | RexxMast]] || Starts the ARexx Server
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RocketTool | RocketTool]] || Controls a USB Rocket or Missile Launcher
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Route | Route]] || Shows or manipulates the IP routing table
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Run | ''Run'']] || Spawns a background shell or process
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RunFS | RunFS]] || Runs/mounts a network filesystem in background
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RX | RX]] || Interprets the specified ARexx script
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RXC | RXC]] || Closes the resident process
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RXCmd | RXCmd]] || Executes single ARexx commands on a given ARexx port directly
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RXLIB | RXLIB]] || Preadds an arexx library/host to the global list for scripts
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RXSET | RXSET]] || Adds a (name,value) pair to the Clip List
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Search | Search]] || Searches a file or pattern for a string
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SegTracker | SegTracker]] || Tracking utility for disk loaded files (inc. libs and devs)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SendBeacon | SendBeacon]] || Creates notifications
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Set | ''Set'']] || Creates or modifies specified local environment variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetClock | SetClock]] || Changes system and/or internal clock time
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetClockNTP | SetClockNTP]] || Syncs the realtime clock from the internet using Network Time Protocol
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetDate | SetDate]] || Changes the last modification date of a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Setenv | ''Setenv'']] || Creates or modifies specified global environment variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetFileSize | SetFileSize]] || Creates or resizes a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetKeyboard | SetKeyboard]] || Sets keyboard layout
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetMixer | SetMixer]] || Sets audio input and output mixing
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ShowCGXConfig | ShowCGXConfig]] || Shows information about installed graphics cards and driver versions
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ShowConfig | ShowConfig]] || Shows system configuration information about software versions, hardware, and registered user
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ShowInterface | ShowInterface]] || Shows network interface information
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Shutdown | ShutDown]] || Shuts down the computer
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Skip | ''Skip'']] || Skips to the appropriate label
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SmbFS | SmbFS]] || Mounts a samba share (SMB1)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Smb2FS | Smb2FS]] || Mounts a samba share (SMB2/3)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SonixCamTool | SonixCamTool]] || Read out images from an USB webcam using the Sonix Technologies chipset with OV7630 sensors.
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Sort | Sort]] || Sorts a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Ssh2FS | Ssh2FS]] || Mounts a SFTP share
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Stack | ''Stack'']] || Sets or displays the current stack size
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Stat | Stat]] || Displays some system stats since boot
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Status | Status]] || Displays a list of currently running CLI processes
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TaskList | TaskList]] || Displays a detailed list of all running tasks
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TCC | TCC]] || Closes the global tracing console
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TCO | TCO]] || Opens the global tracing console
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/tcpdump | tcpdump]] || Dumps traffic on a network.
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TE | TE]] || Clears the global tracing flag
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Time | Time]] || Measures the time it takes to execute a command
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Touch | Touch]] || Creates a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TraceRoute | TraceRoute]] || Traceroute is a computer network diagnostic tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Trance | Trance]] || Activates JIT 68k emulation
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Trashcan | Trashcan]] || Controls Trashcan
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TS | TS]] || Starts interactive tracing by setting the external trace flag
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Type | Type]] || Displays the contents of a file to the screen
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Unalias | ''Unalias'']] || Removes the named alias from the alias list
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/UnMount | UnMount]] || Try to unmount specified device
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/UnRAR | UnRAR]] || Uncompresses RAR archives
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Unset | ''Unset'']] || Removes a local variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Unsetenv | ''Unsetenv'']] || Removes a global variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Uptime | Uptime]] || Shows uptime of MorphOS
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/USBDevLister | USBDevLister]] || Lists all found USB devices
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/USBErrorLog | USBErrorLog]] || Shows all USB-Related messages since the start of the stack
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Version | Version]] || Reports the version number of the specified file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Wait | Wait]] || Waits for an amount of time
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WaitForLib | WaitForLib]] || Waits 10 seconds for library to appear
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WaitForNotification | WaitForNotification]] || Waits for file notifications
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WaitForPort | WaitForPort]] || Waits 10 secs for port to appear
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WaitX | WaitX]] || Waits for an amount of time and then executes the given command line
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WakeOnLAN | WakeOnLAN]] || Sends a Wake-on-LAN message
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WBRun | WBRun]] || Starts the specified command as if it was started from Ambient
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Which | Which]] || Searches the command path for a particular item
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WhoAmI | WhoAmI]] || Displays the username of the current user
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Why | ''Why'']] || Displays return code of last executed command
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XAD2LhA | XAD2LhA]] || Extracts data from other archives and stores it in an LhA archive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XADLibInfo | XADLibInfo]] || Displays the name, flags, ID, required xadmaster version, version and revision of all clients in xadmaster.library
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XADList | XADList]] || Examines files and prints the names of the archivers
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XADUnDisk | XADUnDisk]] || The master shell tool to extract data from disk archives
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XADUnFile | XADUnFile]] || The master shell tool to extract data from file archives
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XADUnTar | XADUnTar]] || A shell tool to extract data from Tar archives and compressed Tar archives
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XZ | XZ]] || Compresses or uncompresses files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XZDec | XZDec]] || Uncompresses XZ archives
|}

Shell Commands

2026-06-29T14:14:58Z

JPV: Added new commands from 3.20 + NetworksHelper

In order to find out how to use a particular command, type its name in a shell window, add '?' (without quotes) and press Enter. An explanation of MorphOS Shell arguments can be found [[Shell_Commands/Arguments | here]].

For learning how pattern matching (wildcards) works on MorphOS, please read the [[Pattern_matching | Pattern Matching]] article.

Names written in ''italics'' are internal commands, which can't be found as separate files from your filesystem, but you can list them with the Resident command.

By installing [https://www.morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS Software Development Kit] you will also get hundreds of traditional Unix commands which aren't listed here. 3rd party commands (native and legacy commands) can be installed by copying them to the SYS:C/ directory.

{|
| [[Shell_Commands/AddAudioModes | AddAudioModes]] || Builds and removes audio modes that AHI can understand
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/AddBuffers | AddBuffers]] || Adds or displays cache buffers allocated for a drive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/AddDataTypes | AddDataTypes]] || Activates datatypes or adds another datatype
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/AddUSBClasses | AddUSBClasses]] || Add or remove Classes from the USB stack
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/AddUSBHardware | AddUSBHardware]] || Manually add or remove USB hardware to/from MorphOS
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Alias | ''Alias'']] || Sets or displays command aliases
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ARP | ARP]] || Displays and manipulates the Address Resolution Protocol cache
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Ask | ''Ask'']] || Displays a question at the execution of a script
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/AskHost | AskHost]] || Displays the hostent information of a host
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Assign | Assign]] || Lists, creates, modifies or removes an assign from MorphOS
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Automator | Automator]] || Controls MUI applications from scripts
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Avail | Avail]] || Displays the amount of free memory available
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Battery | Battery]] || Displays laptop's battery information
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Beep | Beep]] || Flashes the current front-most screen
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/BindDrivers | BindDrivers]] || Activates device drivers in expansion drawer (outdated)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Break | Break]] || Allows to send a signal (for eg. CTRL+C) to a process
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Bz2 | Bz2]] || Compresses or decompresses files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/CD | ''CD'']] || Changes or displays current directory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ChangeTaskPri | ChangeTaskPri]] || Changes the priority of the given process
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ClearRAMDebugLog | ClearRAMDebugLog]] || Clears the RAM debug log
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/CLI | CLI]] || Starts a new interactive CLI on the system
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Clip | Clip]] || Manages clipboard contents
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Clone | Clone]] || Reads the standard input or a file and writes it to both standard output and a specified file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Cls | ''Cls'']] || Clears the console window
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ConClip | ConClip]] || Activates or De-activates the Clipboard
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ConvertText | ConvertText]] || Converts a text file to a different character encoding
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Copy | Copy]] || Copies a source file or directory to another directory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/CPU | CPU]] || Displays information about the CPU of the computer
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Date | Date]] || Displays or sets the date and time of the system
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Debug | Debug]] || Sets debug options
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Delete | Delete]] || Deletes one or more files/directories
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DevList | DevList]] || Displays a list of all devices present in memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Dir | Dir]] || Lists file and directory names (w/o attributes)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DiskCache | DiskCache]] || Reworked DynamiCache disk caching engine to improve I/O performance
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DiskChange | DiskChange]] || Informs MorphOS of a diskchange
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DiskFree | DiskFree]] || Displays available space of specified volume
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DOSList | DOSList]] || Displays a detailed list of devices, volumes, and assigns
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/DRadioTool | DRadioTool]] || Controls an USB Radio manufactured by D-Link or GemTek
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Echo | ''Echo'']] || Displays the specified message
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Ed | Ed]] || A simple text editor
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Eject | Eject]] || Simple command to eject CD media
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Else | ''Else'']] || Specifies an alternative for an IF statement in a script file.
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/EndCLI | ''EndCLI'']] || Closes CLI/Shell Window or Tab
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/EndIf | ''EndIf'']] || Terminates an IF block in a script file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/EndShell | ''EndShell'']] || Closes CLI/Shell Window or Tab
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/EndSkip | ''EndSkip'']] || Stops a SKIP branch
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Eval | Eval]] || Evaluates a mathematical expression
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Exe2Arc | Exe2Arc]] || Extracts the archive data from self extracting archive files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Execute | Execute]] || Executes a batch file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Failat | ''Failat'']] || Changes failure limit for scripts (0=Ok, 5=Warn, 10=Error)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Fault | ''Fault'']] || Translates numeric error codes to ASCII text
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FileNote | FileNote]] || Set a comment for a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FileWrite | FileWrite]] || Writes data to a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FlushLib | FlushLib]] || Removes unused libraries from memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Format | Format]] || Formats a disk
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Freeze | Freeze]] || Suspends tasks
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FSDie | FSDie]] || Kills a filesystem from a drive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FSList | FSList]] || Displays a list of all FileSystem present in memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FSPrefs | FSPrefs]] || Sets preferences for specified device
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/FSTest | FSTest]] || Benchmarks some basic FileSystem operations
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Get | ''Get'']] || Displays the contents of a local environment variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Getenv | ''Getenv'']] || Displays the contents of a global environment variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/GetRAMDebugLog | GetRAMDebugLog]] || Writes the RAM debug log to a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HDMBRClear | HDMBRClear]] || Clears a master boot record from a drive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HDRead | HDRead]] || Reads sector(s) from device/unit and dumps them to shell
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HDTest | HDTest]] || Benchmark FileSystem operations using direct device access
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HDWrite | HDWrite]] || Writes sectors to a drive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HFSSetMacBoot | HFSSetMacBoot]] || Sets HFS specific attributes so MAC can autoboot
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/HI | HI]] || Send all active ARexx programs an external halt request
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/IconX | IconX]] || Executes a batch file from the desktop (Ambient)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ID | ID]] || Prints UID and GID of a user
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/IDEStandby | IDEStandby]] || Spins down the motor of IDE HDs
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/If | ''If'']] || Adds intelligent branching to scripts
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/IfConfig | IfConfig]] || Configures network interfaces and shows interface configurations
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/iKill | iKill]] || Kills the specified program and tries to free its resources
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Info | Info]] || Displays information about mounted filesystems
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Install | Install]] || Writes a boot block or inspects a boot block on a floppy disk or a PCMCIA card, or a compatible device
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Installer | Installer]] || Installs software by interpreting their installation scripts
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/IPrefs | IPrefs]] || Initialises preferences files on startup
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Join | Join]] || Joins several files into one bigger file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Lab | ''Lab'']] || Defines a label in a batch file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LhA | LhA]] || Compresses or uncompresses files/dirs
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LibList | LibList]] || Displays information about libraries present in memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/List | List]] || Lists the contents of the specified directory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LoadLib | LoadLib]] || Loads libraries or classes into memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LoadMonDrvs | LoadMonDrvs]] || Loads monitor (ie: graphic) drivers
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LoadWB | LoadWB]] || Loads the desktop manager (Ambient)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Lock | Lock]] || Write-protects a drive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Login | Login]] || Logs in as a different user
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LuaX | LuaX]] || Interprets a Lua script
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LZMADec | LZMADec]] || Uncompresses files in the LZMA format
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/LZMAInfo | LZMAInfo]] || Shows information stored in the .lzma file header
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/MakeDir | MakeDir]] || Creates a Directory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/MakeLink | MakeLink]] || Creates a hard or soft link
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/MemTest | MemTest]] || Runs a memory test
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCheck | MirrorCheck]] || Compares contents of two directories recursively
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCopy | MirrorCopy]] || Mirrors directory trees
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ModList | ModList]] || Displays a list of resident modules
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Mount | Mount]] || Makes a new device known to MorphOS
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/NetConfig | NetConfig]] || Configures network interfaces
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/NetworksHelper | NetworksHelper]] || Mount and configure network shares
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/NewCLI | ''NewCLI'']] || Starts a new interactive CLI/SHELL on the system
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Newer | Newer]] || Compares if a file is newer than an another file in shell scripts
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/NewShell | ''NewShell'']] || Starts a new interactive CLI/SHELL on the system
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/OFArc | OFArc]] || Extracts and creates .gz, .lha, .tar, .tgz, .zip, and .zoo files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/OFDNS | OFDNS]] || Performs DNS lookups
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Offline | Offline]] || Brings a network interface offline
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/OFHash | OFHash]] || Calculates MD5, RIPEMD-160, SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 hashes of files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/OFHTTP | OFHTTP]] || Performs HTTP and HTTPS requests and downloads files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Online | Online]] || Brings a network interface online
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Open | Open]] || Opens files and locations
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/OpenURL | OpenURL]] || Opens the openurl.library to pass a URL to the appropriate application depending on the URL's protocol and the specified OpenURL prefs settings
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Passwd | Passwd]] || Changes a user's password
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Path | ''Path'']] || Sets or displays the search path for executables
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PathPart | PathPart]] || Extracts directory or file name from a path, or assembles a path
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PCIScan | PCIScan]] || This command outputs extensive information about the PCI bus
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PCIWrite | PCIWrite]] || Tool to communicate with PCI devices
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PenCamTool | PenCamTool]] || Read out images from an USB webcam using the STV680 chip
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSDiskValid | PFSDiskValid]] || Analyses or fixes a PFS3 volume
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSFormat | PFSFormat]] || Formats a PFS3 partition
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSList | PFSList]] || Lists directory contents with PFS3 specific information
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSMakeRollover | PFSMakeRollover]] || Creates rollover files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSSetDeldir | PFSSetDeldir]] || Sets or displays the size of the .deldir directory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSSetFileNameSize | PFSSetFileNameSize]] || Sets or retrieves the maximum length of filenames
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PFSSetRollover | PFSSetRollover]] || Manipulates rollover files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Ping | Ping]] || Ping is a utility to measure round-trip-times and check reachability of a host over a IP-network
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Play | Play]] || Plays audio files supported by the Reggae multimedia framework
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PlayMidi | PlayMidi]] || CAMD Midi player
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PortList | PortList]] || Displays a list of ports of running programs
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PowerMac7FanControl | PowerMac7FanControl]] || For controlling the fan speed and reporting fan status and system sensor temperatures on PowerMac7 systems
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PowManTool | PowManTool]] || Very simple shell tool to control GemBird SIS-PM Silvershield PowerManager sockets/outlets
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Prompt | ''Prompt'']] || Changes the prompt for the current CLI/Shell
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Protect | Protect]] || Changes the protection bits of a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/PsdStackloaderToMOSPrefs | PsdStackloaderToMOSPrefs]] || Obsoleted USB stack related command
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Quit | ''Quit'']] || Exits a batch file with specified return code
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Quote | Quote]] || Quotes strings in various ways
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Reboot | Reboot]] || Resets the computer
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Relabel | Relabel]] || Changes the name of a disk
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RemRAD | RemRAD]] || Removes recoverable RAM-Drive from the system
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Rename | Rename]] || Renames files and directories
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RequestChoice | RequestChoice]] || Asks for input via a requester
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RequestFile | RequestFile]] || Asks for a filename via a file requester
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RequestString | RequestString]] || Asks for a string via a requester
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Replace | Replace]] || Modifies text and binary files by replacing data
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Resident | ''Resident'']] || Adds or Removes a command in memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ResList | ResList]] || Displays a list of all resources in memory
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RexxMast | RexxMast]] || Starts the ARexx Server
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RocketTool | RocketTool]] || Controls a USB Rocket or Missile Launcher
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Route | Route]] || Shows or manipulates the IP routing table
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Run | ''Run'']] || Spawns a background shell or process
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RunFS | RunFS]] || Runs/mounts a network filesystem in background
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RX | RX]] || Interprets the specified ARexx script
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RXC | RXC]] || Closes the resident process
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RXCmd | RXCmd]] || Executes single ARexx commands on a given ARexx port directly
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RXLIB | RXLIB]] || Preadds an arexx library/host to the global list for scripts
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/RXSET | RXSET]] || Adds a (name,value) pair to the Clip List
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Search | Search]] || Searches a file or pattern for a string
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SegTracker | SegTracker]] || Tracking utility for disk loaded files (inc. libs and devs)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SendBeacon | SendBeacon]] || Creates notifications
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Set | ''Set'']] || Creates or modifies specified local environment variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetClock | SetClock]] || Changes system and/or internal clock time
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetClockNTP | SetClockNTP]] || Syncs the realtime clock from the internet using Network Time Protocol
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetDate | SetDate]] || Changes the last modification date of a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Setenv | ''Setenv'']] || Creates or modifies specified global environment variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetFileSize | SetFileSize]] || Creates or resizes a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetKeyboard | SetKeyboard]] || Sets keyboard layout
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SetMixer | SetMixer]] || Sets audio input and output mixing
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ShowCGXConfig | ShowCGXConfig]] || Shows information about installed graphics cards and driver versions
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ShowConfig | ShowConfig]] || Shows system configuration information about software versions, hardware, and registered user
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/ShowInterface | ShowInterface]] || Shows network interface information
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Shutdown | ShutDown]] || Shuts down the computer
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Skip | ''Skip'']] || Skips to the appropriate label
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SmbFS | SmbFS]] || Mounts a samba share (SMB1)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Smb2FS | Smb2FS]] || Mounts a samba share (SMB2/3)
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/SonixCamTool | SonixCamTool]] || Read out images from an USB webcam using the Sonix Technologies chipset with OV7630 sensors.
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Sort | Sort]] || Sorts a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Ssh2FS | Ssh2FS]] || Mounts a SFTP share
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Stack | ''Stack'']] || Sets or displays the current stack size
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Stat | Stat]] || Displays some system stats since boot
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Status | Status]] || Displays a list of currently running CLI processes
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TaskList | TaskList]] || Displays a detailed list of all running tasks
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TCC | TCC]] || Closes the global tracing console
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TCO | TCO]] || Opens the global tracing console
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/tcpdump | tcpdump]] || Dumps traffic on a network.
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TE | TE]] || Clears the global tracing flag
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Time | Time]] || Measures the time it takes to execute a command
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Touch | Touch]] || Creates a file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TraceRoute | TraceRoute]] || Traceroute is a computer network diagnostic tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Trance | Trance]] || Activates JIT 68k emulation
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/TS | TS]] || Starts interactive tracing by setting the external trace flag
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Type | Type]] || Displays the contents of a file to the screen
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Unalias | ''Unalias'']] || Removes the named alias from the alias list
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/UnMount | UnMount]] || Try to unmount specified device
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/UnRAR | UnRAR]] || Uncompresses RAR archives
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Unset | ''Unset'']] || Removes a local variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Unsetenv | ''Unsetenv'']] || Removes a global variable
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Uptime | Uptime]] || Shows uptime of MorphOS
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/USBDevLister | USBDevLister]] || Lists all found USB devices
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/USBErrorLog | USBErrorLog]] || Shows all USB-Related messages since the start of the stack
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Version | Version]] || Reports the version number of the specified file
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Wait | Wait]] || Waits for an amount of time
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WaitForLib | WaitForLib]] || Waits 10 seconds for library to appear
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WaitForNotification | WaitForNotification]] || Waits for file notifications
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WaitForPort | WaitForPort]] || Waits 10 secs for port to appear
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WaitX | WaitX]] || Waits for an amount of time and then executes the given command line
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WakeOnLAN | WakeOnLAN]] || Sends a Wake-on-LAN message
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WBRun | WBRun]] || Starts the specified command as if it was started from Ambient
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Which | Which]] || Searches the command path for a particular item
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/WhoAmI | WhoAmI]] || Displays the username of the current user
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/Why | ''Why'']] || Displays return code of last executed command
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XAD2LhA | XAD2LhA]] || Extracts data from other archives and stores it in an LhA archive
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XADLibInfo | XADLibInfo]] || Displays the name, flags, ID, required xadmaster version, version and revision of all clients in xadmaster.library
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XADList | XADList]] || Examines files and prints the names of the archivers
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XADUnDisk | XADUnDisk]] || The master shell tool to extract data from disk archives
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XADUnFile | XADUnFile]] || The master shell tool to extract data from file archives
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XADUnTar | XADUnTar]] || A shell tool to extract data from Tar archives and compressed Tar archives
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XZ | XZ]] || Compresses or uncompresses files
|-
| [[Shell_Commands/XZDec | XZDec]] || Uncompresses XZ archives
|}

Shell Commands/Play

2026-06-29T13:57:00Z

JPV:

'''Play''' - Plays audio files supported by the Reggae multimedia framework

FILE/A, VOLUME/N, AHIUNIT/N, LOOP/S, QUIET/S
<nowiki>
FILE - Audio file to play
VOLUME - Audio volume (0-65535)
AHIUNIT - AHI unit number to be used by Reggae
LOOP - Plays the file in a loop
QUIET - Supresses any text output in the shell</nowiki>

Example:
Play MOSSYS:Data/SoundEffects/Marvel.aiff

Shell Commands/SetClockNTP

2026-06-29T13:52:17Z

JPV:

'''SetClockNTP''' - Syncs the realtime clock from the internet using Network Time Protocol

UTCDIFF=DIFF/N, TIMEOUT/N, SERVER/K/M, SAVE/S, NODST/S

<nowiki>
DIFF - Is a simple minute time offset. The base is GMT.
TIMEOUT - Is a simple timeout in seconds to prevent the command from
locking up. Default is 60 seconds.
SERVER - Overrides the internal ntp server list. Servers are specified
name:port. If no port is specified, then the default port 123 will
be used. There is no limit on the number of servers specified.
SAVE - This option will cause that the battery backuped real time clock
will be set, too.
NODST - If daylight saving time mode is unwanted or wrong for your location,
add this argument and use DIFF to specify the correct offset if
needed.</nowiki>

Note: This tool can easily be enabled to run every time the network goes online by editing S:user-network-startup and removing the ; in the beginning of the line that reads ;SetClockNTP SAVE

Shell Commands/Time

2026-06-29T13:48:14Z

JPV:

'''Time''' - Measures the time it takes to execute a command

CALIBRATE/S,EXCLUDELOADING/S,COMMAND/A/F

<nowiki>
CALIBRATE - Runs 10 times to calculate overhead. Depending on the mode
this is used to remove the overhead from the equation.
EXCLUDELOADING - Tests the pure command speed without loading times to avoid
disk caches affecting the results.
COMMAND - A command line to test.</nowiki>

Example:
System:> time dir ram:
ENV (dir)
T (dir)
Clipboards (dir)

Time Elapsed: 0.0071s

Shell Commands/OFArc

2026-06-29T13:41:51Z

JPV:

'''OFArc''' - Extracts and creates .gz, .lha, .tar, .tgz, .zip, and .zoo files

This command uses non-standard arguments. Type 'OFArc -h' in the Shell for a complete documentation of its arguments.

<nowiki>Usage: OFArc -[acCfhlnpqtvx] archive.zip [file1 file2 ...]
Options:
-a --append Append to archive
--archive-comment= Archive comment to use when creating or appending
-c --create Create archive
-C --directory= Extract into the specified directory
-E --encoding= The encoding (character set) used by the archive
(only Tar, LHA and Zoo files)
-f --force Force / overwrite files
-h --help Show this help
--iri Use an IRI to access the archive
-l --list List all files in the archive
-n --no-clobber Never overwrite files
-p --print Print one or more files from the archive
-q --quiet Quiet mode (no output, except errors)
-t --type= Archive type (gz, lha, tar, tgz, zip, zoo)
-v --verbose Verbose output for file list
-x --extract Extract files
--version Print the version information</nowiki>

Shell Commands/OFDNS

2026-06-29T13:38:10Z

JPV:

'''OFDNS''' - Performs DNS lookups

This command uses non-standard arguments. Type 'OFDNS -h' in a Shell for a complete documentation of its arguments.

<nowiki>Usage: OFDNS -[chst] domain1 [domain2 ...]

Options:
-c --class= The DNS class to query (defaults to IN)
-h --help Show this help
-s --server= The server to query
-t --type= The record type to query (defaults to AAAA and A,
can be repeated)
--tcp Force using TCP for the query
--version Print the version information</nowiki>

Example:
OFDNS google.com

Shell Commands/OFHash

2026-06-29T13:34:30Z

JPV:

'''OFHash''' - Calculates MD5, RIPEMD-160, SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 hashes of files

This command uses non-standard arguments. Type 'OFHash' in the Shell for a complete documentation of its arguments.

Usage: ofhash [--md5] [--ripemd160] [--sha1] [--sha224] [--sha256] [--sha384]
[--sha512] [--iri] [--version] file1 [file2 ...]

Example:
OFHash --md5 SYS:MorphOS.readme

Shell Commands/OFHTTP

2026-06-29T13:32:23Z

JPV:

'''OFHTTP''' - Performs HTTP and HTTPS requests and downloads files

This command uses non-standard arguments. Type 'OFHTTP -h' in a Shell for a complete documentation of its arguments.

<nowiki>Usage: ofhttp -[cehHmoOPqv] iri1 [iri2 ...]

Options:
-b --body= Specify the file to send as body
(- for standard input)
-c --continue Continue download of existing file
-f --force Force / overwrite existing file
-h --help Show this help
-H --header= Add a header (e.g. X-Foo:Bar)
-m --method= Set the method of the HTTP request
-o --output= Specify output file name
-O --detect-filename Do a HEAD request to detect the file name
-P --proxy= Specify SOCKS5 proxy
-q --quiet Quiet mode (no output, except errors)
-v --verbose Verbose mode (print headers)
--insecure Ignore TLS errors and allow insecure redirects
--ignore-status Ignore HTTP status code
--version Show version information</nowiki>

Example:
OFHTTP https://morphos-team.net/morphos-3.20.iso

Shell Commands/OFHash

2026-06-29T13:31:51Z

JPV:

Shell Commands/OFHTTP

2026-06-29T13:29:57Z

JPV:

'''OFHTTP''' - Performs HTTP and HTTPS requests and downloads files

This command uses non-standard arguments.
Type 'OFHTTP -h' in a Shell for a complete documentation of its arguments.

<nowiki>Usage: ofhttp -[cehHmoOPqv] iri1 [iri2 ...]

Options:
-b --body= Specify the file to send as body
(- for standard input)
-c --continue Continue download of existing file
-f --force Force / overwrite existing file
-h --help Show this help
-H --header= Add a header (e.g. X-Foo:Bar)
-m --method= Set the method of the HTTP request
-o --output= Specify output file name
-O --detect-filename Do a HEAD request to detect the file name
-P --proxy= Specify SOCKS5 proxy
-q --quiet Quiet mode (no output, except errors)
-v --verbose Verbose mode (print headers)
--insecure Ignore TLS errors and allow insecure redirects
--ignore-status Ignore HTTP status code
--version Show version information</nowiki>

Example:
OFHTTP https://morphos-team.net/morphos-3.20.iso

Shell Commands/OFHTTP

2026-06-29T13:08:58Z

JPV: Created page with "'''OFHTTP''' - Performs HTTP and HTTPS requests and downloads files non-standard arguments, type "OFHTTP -h" for more information..."

'''OFHTTP''' - Performs HTTP and HTTPS requests and downloads files

non-standard arguments, type "OFHTTP -h" for more information

This command uses non-standard arguments.
Type 'OFHTTP -h' in a Shell for a complete documentation of its arguments.

Shell Commands/OFHash

2026-06-29T13:07:00Z

JPV: Created page with "'''OFHash''' - Calculates MD5, RIPEMD-160, SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 hashes of files non-standard arguments, type "OFHash" for more information..."

'''OFHash''' - Calculates MD5, RIPEMD-160, SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 hashes of files

non-standard arguments, type "OFHash" for more information

This command uses non-standard arguments.
Type 'OFHash' in a Shell for a complete documentation of its arguments.

Shell Commands/OFDNS

2026-06-29T13:04:25Z

JPV: Created page with "'''OFDNS''' - Performs DNS lookups non-standard arguments, type "OFDNS -h" for more information..."

'''OFDNS''' - Performs DNS lookups

non-standard arguments, type "OFDNS -h" for more information

This command uses non-standard arguments.
Type 'OFDNS -h' in a Shell for a complete documentation of its arguments.

Shell Commands/OFArc

2026-06-29T13:02:19Z

JPV: Created page with "'''OFArc''' - Extracts and creates .gz, .lha, .tar, .tgz, .zip, and .zoo files non-standard arguments, type "OFArc -h" for more information..."

'''OFArc''' - Extracts and creates .gz, .lha, .tar, .tgz, .zip, and .zoo files

non-standard arguments, type "OFArc -h" for more information

This command uses non-standard arguments.
Type 'OFArc -h' in the Shell for a complete documentation of its arguments.

Shell Commands/SetFileSize

2026-06-29T12:52:19Z

JPV: Created page with "'''SetFileSize''' - Creates or resizes a file FILE/A,SIZE/A,KIB/S,MIB/S,GIB/S <nowiki> FILE - File to resize or create SIZE - Size to be applied to the specified file, in by..."

'''SetFileSize''' - Creates or resizes a file

FILE/A,SIZE/A,KIB/S,MIB/S,GIB/S
<nowiki>
FILE - File to resize or create
SIZE - Size to be applied to the specified file, in bytes by default
KIB - Multiplies the specified size by 1024
MIB - Multiplies the specified size by 1024*1024
GIB - Multiplies the specified size by 1024*1024*1024</nowiki>

'''NOTE''' that the resize operation may or may not destroy contents of the file. It depends on the file system used, so consider the result as undefined. The command is meant to create large files quickly, for example, as virtual file images, where formatting would rewrite the data within the file anyway.

The FileWrite command can be used to create a file that is filled with the specified data.

Examples:

Creates a file named "Testfile" in "T:" with the size of 10 bytes:
SetFileSize T:Testfile 10

Resizes the file to 10485760 bytes:
SetFileSize T:Testfile 10 MIB

Shell Commands/Replace

2026-06-29T12:15:00Z

JPV: Created page with "'''Replace''' - Modifies text and binary files by replacing data FILE/A,PATTERN/K,FIND/K/A,REPLACE/K/A,TO/K,ALL/S,I=INSENSITIVE/S,VERBOSE/S,SIM=SIMULATE/S <nowiki> FILE..."

'''Replace''' - Modifies text and binary files by replacing data

FILE/A,PATTERN/K,FIND/K/A,REPLACE/K/A,TO/K,ALL/S,I=INSENSITIVE/S,VERBOSE/S,SIM=SIMULATE/S
<nowiki>
FILE - Directory or file pattern
PATTERN - Pattern to be applied on files found with the FILE argument
FIND - Text or binary data to be searched for, \xHH for hex data
REPLACE - Text or binary data to replace every found data with, \xHH for hex data
TO - Path to a directory to store the modified files into, TO cannot be
the directory containing the source file
ALL - Search for matching files recursively and modify original files,
TO and ALL are mutually exclusive arguments
INSENSITIVE - All characters in found file data and PATTERN and will be lower
cased before a compare operation, this also affects characters in
hex data specified via "0x" in the PATTERN option
VERBOSE - Shows all found files and how many patterns were modifed
SIMULATE - The entire operation will only be simulated and no files get modified</nowiki>

Examples:

Scans all #?.readme files in T: and changes dogs to cats in the text:
Replace T:#?.readme FIND "Dog" REPLACE "Cat"

Scans the entire RAM: drive and replaces dogs to cats in all files ending with ".txt" and outputting detailed information of found files and the matches. Simulation is enabled, so no modification takes place:
Replace "RAM:#?" PATTERN "#?.txt" FIND "Dog" REPLACE "Cat" ALL VERBOSE SIM

Convert an IBM text to a modern one by replacing CR+LF (0x0D0A) with just LF (0x0A). Operation is performed in the byte mode, so FIND is two bytes and gets replaced by just one byte:
Replace "RAM:Windows.txt" FIND "\x0d\x0a" REPLACE "\x0a"

Shell Commands/NetworksHelper

2026-06-25T14:59:38Z

JPV: Created page with "'''NetworksHelper''' - Mount and configure network shares SETTINGS/K,MOUNT/K,POPUP/S <nowiki> SETTINGS - Open a share settings window MOUNT - Mount a network share POPUP..."

'''NetworksHelper''' - Mount and configure network shares

SETTINGS/K,MOUNT/K,POPUP/S
<nowiki>
SETTINGS - Open a share settings window
MOUNT - Mount a network share
POPUP - Open the share window after mounting</nowiki>

Examples:
NetworksHelper MOUNT Networks:WIN11/Share POPUP

Creating Backups

2026-06-25T14:13:01Z

JPV: LhA header level update

== Things to Consider ==

There are a few things to keep in mind when planning a data backup operation on MorphOS.

=== Preserving File Attributes ===

MorphOS uses Amiga specific file attributes that include [[Shell_Commands/Protect|protection flags]] and [[Shell_Commands/FileNote|file comments]]. These aren't preserved if files are copied directly into an "alien" filesystem (FAT, Ext, SMBFS, etc) or archiving format (Zip, Rar, etc.). Solutions for the issue is to use Amiga attributes aware filesystems, archivers, or backup programs directly, or encapsulate files into a compatible image file before copying or archiving the whole image file into an alien media.

It is especially important to preserve file attributes when making a backup of the system partition, and it would be a good practice for installed software in other locations too. It doesn't usually do any harm to copy generic data files into an "alien" destination, but even then you might lose file comments that indicate origin of the file, for instance.

=== Preserving File Links ===

A source directory structure may contain file links that are like shortcuts to actual files or directories. The links can be either soft or hard links, but usually soft links in practice. The hard links aren't supported by all MorphOS filesystems, so it's quite safe to assume that all links are soft links.

There aren't any soft links in a default MorphOS installation, but the MorphOS Software Development Kit relies on them and it should be remembered when creating a backup. Users may also [[Shell_Commands/MakeLink | create soft links]] for their own use, for example, to link configuration or cache directories of programs to different locations ([[Tips_and_Tricks#How_to_Reduce_OWB.27s_HD_Writes|example]]).

If you don't take soft links into account when creating a backup, the soft links are either skipped or converted into real files, which means they take twice the space and lose their original purpose.

=== Destination File Size Limits ===

Backing-up into a single file, like an archive or image file, may result a large file that exceeds destination filesystem limits and causes the backup process to fail. The [[Filesystems]] page contains information about supported filesystems and their file size limits (the ''Max File Size'' column).

=== Be Careful with Content Changes While Backing-up ===

Backing-up a live system you have booted from is always a bit risky, or at least you should be totally sure that nothing (by your activity or background processes) writes to the data that is being backed-up, as this could be fatal, especially for partition/disk cloning by raw image files. It's highly advisable to unmount partitions first when making raw image backups.

The best practice is to boot from another media to make backups. Booting from the [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS installation media] is a good choice, especially if the beta timeout is removed with the [https://www.morphos-storage.net/?find=registeriso RegisterISO] program.

== Cloning a Partition or Hard Disk as an Image File ==

The '''RAWDISK:''' device is an easy way to create an exact copy of a partition or hard disk. It can be used to browse devices for raw data of entire disks or separate partitions. Creating an image file is just a matter of copying a corresponding file to another location.

To access the RAWDISK: device, just type RAWDISK: in the Shell, or open an Ambient lister and press the / key to type RAWDISK: into the path string.

There are two directories at the root level of the RAWDISK: device. The Devices directory contains all raw data of each device and unit found in the system. For example, mass storage devices connected to the internal IDE controller of a computer could be found under the ide.device sub-directory and USB mass storage devices under the usbscsi.device sub-directory. The second directory at the root level is Disks, and it contains raw data images of mounted partitions. It isn't that useful for backups, as there's a risk that data on a partition changes while copying a backup.

=== Creating a Backup ===

To create a full backup of an entire disk, navigate to the ''RAWDISK:Devices/<your.device>/<unit>/'' directory. For example, a hard disk drive connected on the internal IDE port of a Mac mini computer would use the path ''RAWDISK:Devices/ide.device/0/''. The directory contains the rawdisk file, which is practically the raw data of the entire disk presented as a file. There's also a sub-directory that is named after the partition table of the disk (MAC, RDB, MBR), and that directory contains all partitions found on the disk as separate files.

In theory, a full backup of an entire disk would be just copying the ''rawdisk'' file to another location, but remember that the file size is in most cases huge, so keep the destination filesystem limits in mind. An ext2 or ext3 formatted backup drive will work fine, for instance.

Example:
Ram Disk:> Copy RAWDISK:Devices/ide.device/0/rawdisk BackupEXT2:harddisk.img

==== Pitfalls ====

If you want to mount partitions from a raw image file at some point, there's a pitfall in it. MorphOS doesn't play well when different partitions share the same '''volume name'''. For example, if the System: partition is mounted from both the original HDD and the backup image, there will be issues. A solution for it is to name the partitions differently in the original location and in the backup. Probably the easiest solution is to rename ([[Shell_Commands/Relabel|relabel]]) the original partitions before making the backup, and then rename them back to the original after a successful backup process.

Also, contents of partitions that are being backed-up shouldn't change while creating a backup, as it can break the filesystem structure. The best practise is to '''unmount partitions''' before copying them from the RAWDISK: device. Unmounting can be done, for example, with the [[Tools/Mounter|Mounter]] tool. Booting from another media before making a backup is highly recommended, or being very careful otherwise.

=== Updating a Backup ===

An image file that has been copied from the RAWDISK: device can be mounted with the [[Tools/FileImageCtrl|FileImageCtrl]] tool, but remember the previous pitfall. If you don't always want to make a time consuming full image backup, you could use some other program, like [[Creating_Backups#MirrorCopy|MirrorCopy]], to keep a mounted backup synced.

=== Restoring from a Backup ===

There are two ways to restore a raw image backup. Either the image can be mounted and any required files can be copied where desired, or the entire image file can be written to a storage device overwriting everything previously on it.

When writing a rawdisk image back to a device, it must be copied either with the [[Shell_Commands/Copy|Copy]] command with the '''DIRECT''' argument or with the cp command from the [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS SDK]. Ambient or 3rd party filemanagers don't work to do this.

'''Be very careful when selecting a destination device to write an image file!''' For example, when writing to a USB storage device, the unit number may always be different. '''Always check the correct destination device and unit''' from the RAWDISK: directory structure. The partition table directory under the unit directory offers a good hint.

== Copying Files Directly to a Destination ==

Opposite to raw image copying, backups can also be made at the filesystem level by copying individual files directly to the destination filesystem, but more attention must be paid for getting an exact copy or the original data.

=== Destination ===

==== Formatted Drive ====

An effortless solution for backups is to have a drive, or partition, that contains a compatible [[Filesystems|filesystem]]. As discussed at the start, a MorphOS compatible filesystem, like SFS or PFS, is needed to preserve file properties correctly.

USB or FireWire drives can also be partitioned and formatted with a compatible filesystem using the [[Tools/HDConfig|HDConfig]] tool. For example, change the partition map from the gadget before the drive name to RDB and add new partition(s). They are set for SFS by default, but it's recommended to change the name to something more original and increase the default buffer value slightly. After saving, [[Tools/Format|format]] the partition(s) with ''Quick Format'', and decide if you need the ''Recycled'' directory in this kind of use. For USB back-ups a HDD with an external PSU is the safest bet, but it doesn't mean that USB sticks wouldn't work instead.

==== Image File ====

Another option is to create an image file that is formatted with a compatible filesystem, and then copy files on the mounted image file. In this way the backup can be stored to an alien filesystem, like FAT formatted USB devices or Samba shares, without losing file attributes of original files. File size limits of the destination filesystem must be kept in mind though.

There are several ways to create an image file for backing-up:

* A base backup image can be copied from the RAWDISK: device as described previously in the article.
* Create a new empty file with the [[Shell_Commands/FileWrite|FileWrite]] command, mount it as '''MorphOS SFS''' in [[Tools/FileImageCtrl|FileImageCtrl]], and Quick Format it (maybe with Recycled disabled).
* Create an encrypted disk image with the [[Applications/Kryptos|Kryptos]] application.

=== Copying Files ===

==== The Copy Command and Ambient File Copying ====

The [[Shell_Commands/Copy|Copy command]] from the Shell or drag&drop copying from Ambient can be used to make a full base backup, but they aren't that good for syncing the backup later. These also don't work with file links properly, because links are converted to regular files, which doesn't produce an exact copy of MorphOS SDK, for instance.

When using the Copy command from the Shell, remember to use the '''CLONE''' argument with it to ensure all protection bits, dates, etc. are copied just as in source files.

Example:
Ram Disk:> Copy System: Backup:System/ ALL CLONE QUIET

==== MirrorCopy ====

The built-in [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCopy | MirrorCopy]] shell command (don't mix it up with 3rd party programs of the same name! Especially not with the 68k one) is a very comprehensive mirroring tool for MorphOS. It can be used to make exact copies of directories where files that are deleted from the source directory will be removed from the backup directory too. It handles file links properly, which makes it useful for backing up the directory structure that contains the SDK directory.

Updating a backup is much faster than with the standard Copy command, because only changed/added/removed files are updated in the existing backup directory. With the Copy command you'd have to copy all the files over and over again.

'''Note that with the default options, all files that don't exist in the source directory will be deleted from the destination directory! Be very careful when supplying the destination directory (TO) for the progam!''' If you have separate directories for each partition on your backup destination, and you mistakenly give the root directory as the destination for MirrorCopy, all other backups will be lost!

Examples:

Create an exact mirror of a directory (non-existing files will be deleted):
Ram Disk:> mirrorcopy FROM System: TO Backup:System/ ALL

Copy changed and new files, but don't purge deleted files from the destination:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcopy FROM Work:Stuff/ TO Backup:Stuff/ ALL NODEL

Move deleted files to another directory instead of deleting them completely:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcopy FROM System: TO Backup:System/ ALL DELDIR Backup:SystemDeleted

See [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCopy | MirrorCopy]]'s documentation for more options.

==== Third Party Programs ====

There are many third party programs for backing-up, mirroring, incremental copying, etc.. Here's one example.

===== BackUp =====

[https://aminet.net/package/disk/bakup/BackUp BackUp] by Daniel Westerberg is a 68k backing-up/mirroring program, but it works nicely on MorphOS too. It has an easy to use GUI, but can also be used from the Shell or scripts.

BackUp supports soft links and has the '''Clean''' option to delete destination files that don't exist in the source anymore. It is a valid alternative for MirrorCopy if you prefer a GUI based program. Also, remember to '''set the destination correctly if using the Clean option to avoid loss of unintentional files!'''

== Creating a Backup Archive ==

Backing-up into archives is yet another option, but it is generally slower than other options, at least if compression is involved. The resulting backup size can be smaller though, and there may be error checking included.

With archivers it's also important to use ones that will preserve all file attributes, which disqualifies Zip and most other mainstream archivers.

Instructions presented here are valid only for programs (commands) provided within MorphOS or [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS SDK]. Options and results may vary if using third party replacements for archiving or unarchiving.

=== LhA ===

[[Shell_Commands/LhA|LhA]] is a de-facto archiver on MorphOS (and Amiga), which was made to handle all related files and their properties, but it has its quirks and it doesn't support file links either. So don't use it for backing-up the MorphOS SDK.

LhA has tens of options and here are some that are important to achieve a successful backup:
<nowiki>
-e Archive empty directories
-r Collect files recursively
-x Preserve and use path names
-H Write header level ( 0,1,2 )
-z Do not compress files</nowiki>

It's safer to increase the header level from the default (0) to, for example, -H1, because some deeper file paths/comments may be too long and so be skipped with the -H0 level. Edit: the default header level was changed to H1 in MorphOS 3.20.

Disabling the compression creates backups faster, but increases the resulting file size.

Example:
System:> lha -e -x -r a Backup:System.lha #?

=== Tar ===

The separately installable [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS Software Development Kit] (SDK) comes with a Tar version that will preserve MorphOS file arguments and it also handles the problematic file links correctly.

To preserve file attributes and comments with Tar, the '''--xattrs''' argument must be provided when creating and extracting an archive. '''Note''' that this only works with the Tar version from the SDK, it doesn't work with the 3rd party ports of Tar.

As Tar originates from other platforms, it still has some peculiarities. For example, files/directories starting with a dot will need some extra magic or compromises.

Example:
System:> tar --xattrs -cf Backup:System.tar #?

== Creating an ISO Image Backup ==

[[Applications/Jalapeno|Jalapeno]] is a CD/DVD authoring tool that is bundled with MorphOS, and it can be used to create ISO image files for backup purposes. It supports MorphOS file attributes and comments, but it doesn't support file links and contents can't be updated.

An option to create an ISO image can be accessed via the pulldown menu in the '''Burn Files''' section. If the resulting image file is larger than 1GB, Jalapeno splits it into 1GB parts. Those parts can be joined into one big image file with the [[Shell_Commands/Join|Join]] command in the Shell, but remember the filesize limits of your target filesystem.

Restoring files from an ISO image is easy, the image file can be browsed in Ambient or mounted as a drive from the RMB context menu.

After making an ISO image of the System partition, it's even possible to boot the computer from it if it resides on a compatible drive/filesystem, just like booting from the MorphOS installation ISO image.

== Custom Backup Programs and Formats ==

There are some other less standard options for backing-up using dedicated programs, like [https://www.morphos-storage.net/?find=diavolo Diavolo]. They may have some extra features like scheduling and comparing of backups, but they usually save backups into custom formats that require that specific program to be accessed. Many of these programs are also outdated for today's standards and may not support file links (enable the ''3.1 or better'' filesystem option in Diavolo for the file link support), etc.. If you're not completely familiar with the programs, it might be better to make backups on formats that are more common and accessible in the future to be sure.

== Validating a Backup ==

When a backup has been created, it's important to check its validity, as there might have been data that wasn't copied successfully. It could be something you didn't consider when selecting a backup method or other unexpected situations.

The minimum you should do is to check if file/directory sizes of source and destination paths match. For a more thorough test, a separate program that compares directories and data in them should be used.

The [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCheck | MirrorCheck]] program is a good option to compare directories. It can compare file data (reads entire files), file name casing, owner info, protection bits, comments, dates, sizes, and existence of files. Each of these checks can be skipped if there's no need to compare certain things or you get too many reports of unimportant tests. For a quick check the file data comparison can be disabled or if you're making incremental backups, the existence check can be skipped in either or both directories.

Examples:

Full check:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcheck System: Backup:System/ QUIET

Skip the file data check:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcheck System: Backup:System/ SKIP="F" QUIET

Skip Name case, Owner info, and Date checks:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcheck System: Backup:System/ SKIP="NOD" QUIET

Creating Backups

2026-06-25T14:09:37Z

JPV: Modified MirrorCheck/Copy parts for the built-in solution in 3.20

== Things to Consider ==

There are a few things to keep in mind when planning a data backup operation on MorphOS.

=== Preserving File Attributes ===

MorphOS uses Amiga specific file attributes that include [[Shell_Commands/Protect|protection flags]] and [[Shell_Commands/FileNote|file comments]]. These aren't preserved if files are copied directly into an "alien" filesystem (FAT, Ext, SMBFS, etc) or archiving format (Zip, Rar, etc.). Solutions for the issue is to use Amiga attributes aware filesystems, archivers, or backup programs directly, or encapsulate files into a compatible image file before copying or archiving the whole image file into an alien media.

It is especially important to preserve file attributes when making a backup of the system partition, and it would be a good practice for installed software in other locations too. It doesn't usually do any harm to copy generic data files into an "alien" destination, but even then you might lose file comments that indicate origin of the file, for instance.

=== Preserving File Links ===

A source directory structure may contain file links that are like shortcuts to actual files or directories. The links can be either soft or hard links, but usually soft links in practice. The hard links aren't supported by all MorphOS filesystems, so it's quite safe to assume that all links are soft links.

There aren't any soft links in a default MorphOS installation, but the MorphOS Software Development Kit relies on them and it should be remembered when creating a backup. Users may also [[Shell_Commands/MakeLink | create soft links]] for their own use, for example, to link configuration or cache directories of programs to different locations ([[Tips_and_Tricks#How_to_Reduce_OWB.27s_HD_Writes|example]]).

If you don't take soft links into account when creating a backup, the soft links are either skipped or converted into real files, which means they take twice the space and lose their original purpose.

=== Destination File Size Limits ===

Backing-up into a single file, like an archive or image file, may result a large file that exceeds destination filesystem limits and causes the backup process to fail. The [[Filesystems]] page contains information about supported filesystems and their file size limits (the ''Max File Size'' column).

=== Be Careful with Content Changes While Backing-up ===

Backing-up a live system you have booted from is always a bit risky, or at least you should be totally sure that nothing (by your activity or background processes) writes to the data that is being backed-up, as this could be fatal, especially for partition/disk cloning by raw image files. It's highly advisable to unmount partitions first when making raw image backups.

The best practice is to boot from another media to make backups. Booting from the [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS installation media] is a good choice, especially if the beta timeout is removed with the [https://www.morphos-storage.net/?find=registeriso RegisterISO] program.

== Cloning a Partition or Hard Disk as an Image File ==

The '''RAWDISK:''' device is an easy way to create an exact copy of a partition or hard disk. It can be used to browse devices for raw data of entire disks or separate partitions. Creating an image file is just a matter of copying a corresponding file to another location.

To access the RAWDISK: device, just type RAWDISK: in the Shell, or open an Ambient lister and press the / key to type RAWDISK: into the path string.

There are two directories at the root level of the RAWDISK: device. The Devices directory contains all raw data of each device and unit found in the system. For example, mass storage devices connected to the internal IDE controller of a computer could be found under the ide.device sub-directory and USB mass storage devices under the usbscsi.device sub-directory. The second directory at the root level is Disks, and it contains raw data images of mounted partitions. It isn't that useful for backups, as there's a risk that data on a partition changes while copying a backup.

=== Creating a Backup ===

To create a full backup of an entire disk, navigate to the ''RAWDISK:Devices/<your.device>/<unit>/'' directory. For example, a hard disk drive connected on the internal IDE port of a Mac mini computer would use the path ''RAWDISK:Devices/ide.device/0/''. The directory contains the rawdisk file, which is practically the raw data of the entire disk presented as a file. There's also a sub-directory that is named after the partition table of the disk (MAC, RDB, MBR), and that directory contains all partitions found on the disk as separate files.

In theory, a full backup of an entire disk would be just copying the ''rawdisk'' file to another location, but remember that the file size is in most cases huge, so keep the destination filesystem limits in mind. An ext2 or ext3 formatted backup drive will work fine, for instance.

Example:
Ram Disk:> Copy RAWDISK:Devices/ide.device/0/rawdisk BackupEXT2:harddisk.img

==== Pitfalls ====

If you want to mount partitions from a raw image file at some point, there's a pitfall in it. MorphOS doesn't play well when different partitions share the same '''volume name'''. For example, if the System: partition is mounted from both the original HDD and the backup image, there will be issues. A solution for it is to name the partitions differently in the original location and in the backup. Probably the easiest solution is to rename ([[Shell_Commands/Relabel|relabel]]) the original partitions before making the backup, and then rename them back to the original after a successful backup process.

Also, contents of partitions that are being backed-up shouldn't change while creating a backup, as it can break the filesystem structure. The best practise is to '''unmount partitions''' before copying them from the RAWDISK: device. Unmounting can be done, for example, with the [[Tools/Mounter|Mounter]] tool. Booting from another media before making a backup is highly recommended, or being very careful otherwise.

=== Updating a Backup ===

An image file that has been copied from the RAWDISK: device can be mounted with the [[Tools/FileImageCtrl|FileImageCtrl]] tool, but remember the previous pitfall. If you don't always want to make a time consuming full image backup, you could use some other program, like [[Creating_Backups#MirrorCopy|MirrorCopy]], to keep a mounted backup synced.

=== Restoring from a Backup ===

There are two ways to restore a raw image backup. Either the image can be mounted and any required files can be copied where desired, or the entire image file can be written to a storage device overwriting everything previously on it.

When writing a rawdisk image back to a device, it must be copied either with the [[Shell_Commands/Copy|Copy]] command with the '''DIRECT''' argument or with the cp command from the [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS SDK]. Ambient or 3rd party filemanagers don't work to do this.

'''Be very careful when selecting a destination device to write an image file!''' For example, when writing to a USB storage device, the unit number may always be different. '''Always check the correct destination device and unit''' from the RAWDISK: directory structure. The partition table directory under the unit directory offers a good hint.

== Copying Files Directly to a Destination ==

Opposite to raw image copying, backups can also be made at the filesystem level by copying individual files directly to the destination filesystem, but more attention must be paid for getting an exact copy or the original data.

=== Destination ===

==== Formatted Drive ====

An effortless solution for backups is to have a drive, or partition, that contains a compatible [[Filesystems|filesystem]]. As discussed at the start, a MorphOS compatible filesystem, like SFS or PFS, is needed to preserve file properties correctly.

USB or FireWire drives can also be partitioned and formatted with a compatible filesystem using the [[Tools/HDConfig|HDConfig]] tool. For example, change the partition map from the gadget before the drive name to RDB and add new partition(s). They are set for SFS by default, but it's recommended to change the name to something more original and increase the default buffer value slightly. After saving, [[Tools/Format|format]] the partition(s) with ''Quick Format'', and decide if you need the ''Recycled'' directory in this kind of use. For USB back-ups a HDD with an external PSU is the safest bet, but it doesn't mean that USB sticks wouldn't work instead.

==== Image File ====

Another option is to create an image file that is formatted with a compatible filesystem, and then copy files on the mounted image file. In this way the backup can be stored to an alien filesystem, like FAT formatted USB devices or Samba shares, without losing file attributes of original files. File size limits of the destination filesystem must be kept in mind though.

There are several ways to create an image file for backing-up:

* A base backup image can be copied from the RAWDISK: device as described previously in the article.
* Create a new empty file with the [[Shell_Commands/FileWrite|FileWrite]] command, mount it as '''MorphOS SFS''' in [[Tools/FileImageCtrl|FileImageCtrl]], and Quick Format it (maybe with Recycled disabled).
* Create an encrypted disk image with the [[Applications/Kryptos|Kryptos]] application.

=== Copying Files ===

==== The Copy Command and Ambient File Copying ====

The [[Shell_Commands/Copy|Copy command]] from the Shell or drag&drop copying from Ambient can be used to make a full base backup, but they aren't that good for syncing the backup later. These also don't work with file links properly, because links are converted to regular files, which doesn't produce an exact copy of MorphOS SDK, for instance.

When using the Copy command from the Shell, remember to use the '''CLONE''' argument with it to ensure all protection bits, dates, etc. are copied just as in source files.

Example:
Ram Disk:> Copy System: Backup:System/ ALL CLONE QUIET

==== MirrorCopy ====

The built-in [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCopy | MirrorCopy]] shell command (don't mix it up with 3rd party programs of the same name! Especially not with the 68k one) is a very comprehensive mirroring tool for MorphOS. It can be used to make exact copies of directories where files that are deleted from the source directory will be removed from the backup directory too. It handles file links properly, which makes it useful for backing up the directory structure that contains the SDK directory.

Updating a backup is much faster than with the standard Copy command, because only changed/added/removed files are updated in the existing backup directory. With the Copy command you'd have to copy all the files over and over again.

'''Note that with the default options, all files that don't exist in the source directory will be deleted from the destination directory! Be very careful when supplying the destination directory (TO) for the progam!''' If you have separate directories for each partition on your backup destination, and you mistakenly give the root directory as the destination for MirrorCopy, all other backups will be lost!

Examples:

Create an exact mirror of a directory (non-existing files will be deleted):
Ram Disk:> mirrorcopy FROM System: TO Backup:System/ ALL

Copy changed and new files, but don't purge deleted files from the destination:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcopy FROM Work:Stuff/ TO Backup:Stuff/ ALL NODEL

Move deleted files to another directory instead of deleting them completely:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcopy FROM System: TO Backup:System/ ALL DELDIR Backup:SystemDeleted

See [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCopy | MirrorCopy]]'s documentation for more options.

==== Third Party Programs ====

There are many third party programs for backing-up, mirroring, incremental copying, etc.. Here's one example.

===== BackUp =====

[https://aminet.net/package/disk/bakup/BackUp BackUp] by Daniel Westerberg is a 68k backing-up/mirroring program, but it works nicely on MorphOS too. It has an easy to use GUI, but can also be used from the Shell or scripts.

BackUp supports soft links and has the '''Clean''' option to delete destination files that don't exist in the source anymore. It is a valid alternative for MirrorCopy if you prefer a GUI based program. Also, remember to '''set the destination correctly if using the Clean option to avoid loss of unintentional files!'''

== Creating a Backup Archive ==

Backing-up into archives is yet another option, but it is generally slower than other options, at least if compression is involved. The resulting backup size can be smaller though, and there may be error checking included.

With archivers it's also important to use ones that will preserve all file attributes, which disqualifies Zip and most other mainstream archivers.

Instructions presented here are valid only for programs (commands) provided within MorphOS or [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS SDK]. Options and results may vary if using third party replacements for archiving or unarchiving.

=== LhA ===

[[Shell_Commands/LhA|LhA]] is a de-facto archiver on MorphOS (and Amiga), which was made to handle all related files and their properties, but it has its quirks and it doesn't support file links either. So don't use it for backing-up the MorphOS SDK.

LhA has tens of options and here are some that are important to achieve a successful backup:
<nowiki>
-e Archive empty directories
-r Collect files recursively
-x Preserve and use path names
-H Write header level ( 0,1,2 )
-z Do not compress files</nowiki>

It's safer to increase the header level from the default (0) to, for example, -H1, because some deeper file paths/comments may be too long and so be skipped with the -H0 level.

Disabling the compression creates backups faster, but increases the resulting file size.

Example:
System:> lha -H1 -e -x -r a Backup:System.lha #?

=== Tar ===

The separately installable [https://morphos-team.net/downloads MorphOS Software Development Kit] (SDK) comes with a Tar version that will preserve MorphOS file arguments and it also handles the problematic file links correctly.

To preserve file attributes and comments with Tar, the '''--xattrs''' argument must be provided when creating and extracting an archive. '''Note''' that this only works with the Tar version from the SDK, it doesn't work with the 3rd party ports of Tar.

As Tar originates from other platforms, it still has some peculiarities. For example, files/directories starting with a dot will need some extra magic or compromises.

Example:
System:> tar --xattrs -cf Backup:System.tar #?

== Creating an ISO Image Backup ==

[[Applications/Jalapeno|Jalapeno]] is a CD/DVD authoring tool that is bundled with MorphOS, and it can be used to create ISO image files for backup purposes. It supports MorphOS file attributes and comments, but it doesn't support file links and contents can't be updated.

An option to create an ISO image can be accessed via the pulldown menu in the '''Burn Files''' section. If the resulting image file is larger than 1GB, Jalapeno splits it into 1GB parts. Those parts can be joined into one big image file with the [[Shell_Commands/Join|Join]] command in the Shell, but remember the filesize limits of your target filesystem.

Restoring files from an ISO image is easy, the image file can be browsed in Ambient or mounted as a drive from the RMB context menu.

After making an ISO image of the System partition, it's even possible to boot the computer from it if it resides on a compatible drive/filesystem, just like booting from the MorphOS installation ISO image.

== Custom Backup Programs and Formats ==

There are some other less standard options for backing-up using dedicated programs, like [https://www.morphos-storage.net/?find=diavolo Diavolo]. They may have some extra features like scheduling and comparing of backups, but they usually save backups into custom formats that require that specific program to be accessed. Many of these programs are also outdated for today's standards and may not support file links (enable the ''3.1 or better'' filesystem option in Diavolo for the file link support), etc.. If you're not completely familiar with the programs, it might be better to make backups on formats that are more common and accessible in the future to be sure.

== Validating a Backup ==

When a backup has been created, it's important to check its validity, as there might have been data that wasn't copied successfully. It could be something you didn't consider when selecting a backup method or other unexpected situations.

The minimum you should do is to check if file/directory sizes of source and destination paths match. For a more thorough test, a separate program that compares directories and data in them should be used.

The [[Shell_Commands/MirrorCheck | MirrorCheck]] program is a good option to compare directories. It can compare file data (reads entire files), file name casing, owner info, protection bits, comments, dates, sizes, and existence of files. Each of these checks can be skipped if there's no need to compare certain things or you get too many reports of unimportant tests. For a quick check the file data comparison can be disabled or if you're making incremental backups, the existence check can be skipped in either or both directories.

Examples:

Full check:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcheck System: Backup:System/ QUIET

Skip the file data check:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcheck System: Backup:System/ SKIP="F" QUIET

Skip Name case, Owner info, and Date checks:
Ram Disk:> mirrorcheck System: Backup:System/ SKIP="NOD" QUIET

Shell Commands/RequestString

2026-06-25T13:57:22Z

JPV: Created page with "'''RequestString''' - Asks for a string via a requester TITLE/A,BODY/A,POSITIVE/K,NEGATIVE/K,DEFSTRING/K,MAXLEN/K/N,NOTEMPTY/S,INVISIBLE/S, TO/K,PUBSCREEN/K,CHARSET/K,INACTIV..."

'''RequestString''' - Asks for a string via a requester

TITLE/A,BODY/A,POSITIVE/K,NEGATIVE/K,DEFSTRING/K,MAXLEN/K/N,NOTEMPTY/S,INVISIBLE/S,
TO/K,PUBSCREEN/K,CHARSET/K,INACTIVE/S
<nowiki>
TITLE - Window title string of the requester
BODY - Body string of the requester, *N does a line feed
POSITIVE - Specifies the text to appear in the positive (left) choice
of the requester, an underscore defines a shortcut key
NEGATIVE - Specifies the text to appear in the negative (right) choice
of the requester, an underscore defines a shortcut key
DEFSTRING - Specifies the default text for the string gadget
MAXLEN - Sets the maximum length of the string
NOTEMPTY - Do not accept an empty string
INVISIBLE - Entered characters are shown as asterisks, useful for
password requesters
TO - Specifies a file to write the result string into
PUBSCREEN - Opens the requester window on the specified pubscreen
CHARSET - Specifies the character set used in BODY, POSITIVE, NEGATIVE,
and DEFSTRING arguments
INACTIVE - The requester window is not activated when opened</nowiki>

The result string is returned on the default output, enclosed in double quotation marks and terminated with a line feed. The quotation marks and the line feed are omitted when using the TO argument. The default text is returned if the requester is cancelled.

The command generates a return code of 0 if a string is returned, 5 if the requester was cancelled, and 20 in failures.

Example:
RequestString TITLE="My Requester" BODY="Please type*Nsome text."

Shell Commands/MirrorCopy

2026-06-25T12:38:22Z

JPV:

'''MirrorCopy''' - Mirrors directory trees

F=FROM/A,T=TO/A,V=VERBOSE/S,Q=QUIET/S,ND=NODEL=NODELETE/S,NC=NOCRE=NOCREATION/S,
NR=NOREC=NORECREATION/S,NU=NOUPD=NOUPDATE/S,A=ALL/S,NS=NOSOFT/S,NH=NOHARD/S,
DD=DELDIR/K,OD=OLDDIR/K,FP=FILEPAT/K,DP=DIRPAT/K,MNDD=MAKENODUMMYDIRS/S,S=STAT=STATS/S,
B=BUF=FILEBUFFERSIZE/N,DOSBUFFERS/K/N,D=DATE/S,DATEFORMAT=DATEFMT/K,CNT=CONTINUE/S,
SRD=SKIPROOTDOTFILES/S,LOG=LOGFILE/K

<nowiki>
FROM - Source directory
TO - Destination directory
VERBOSE - Displays additional information
QUIET - Suppresses all output but errors
NODELETE - Do not delete any entries from the destination
NOCREATION - Not implemented currently
NORECREATION - Do not recreate any entries in the destination, like replacing
a file with a directory
NOUPDATE - Do not update any entries in the destination, but entries may
still be created and deleted
ALL - Includes sub-directories in the operation
NOSOFT - Do not copy soft links, but they still may be removed from
the destination
NOHARD - Do not copy or delete hard links, but they still can get
overwritten by different types of entries
DELDIR - Move files into a specified directory instead of deleting them
(DELDIR must reside on the same volume as TO)
OLDDIR - Not implemented currently
FILEPAT - Not implemented currently
DIRPAT - Not implemented currently
MAKENODUMMYDIRS - Not implemented currently
STATS - Prints statistics of the mirroring operation
FILEBUFFERSIZE - File copy buffer size in kilobytes (default 1024)
DOSBUFFERS - Changes drive's cache buffers temporarily to this value
DATE - Creates a date-based sub-directory where files are moved with
the DELDIR option
DATEFORMAT - Formatting string for the DATE directory, see the Date command for
substitution operators, but avoid using anything that produces
: or / characters
CONTINUE - Do not exit on errors while modifying the destination
directory (doesn't affect to scanning errors)
SKIPROOTDOTFILES - Exclude files and dirs in the root dir that start
with a dot (.recycled and .trashcan, for example)
LOGFILE - Write or append output to a file
</nowiki>

'''Note that with the default options, all files that don't exist in the source directory will be deleted from the destination directory! Be very careful when supplying the destination directory (TO) for the progam!'''

The official documentation can be found from the SYS:MorphOS/Locale/Help/english/MirrorBackup.guide file.

Examples:

Create an exact mirror of a directory (files that don't exist in the source directory anymore will be deleted from the destination directory too):
MirrorCopy FROM System: TO Backup:System/ ALL

Copy changed and new files, but don't purge deleted files from the destination:
MirrorCopy FROM Work:Stuff/ TO Backup:Stuff/ ALL NODEL

Move deleted files to another directory instead of deleting them completely:
MirrorCopy FROM System: TO Backup:System/ ALL DELDIR Backup:SystemDeleted

Shell Commands/MirrorCheck

2026-06-25T12:08:36Z

JPV:

'''MirrorCheck''' - Compares contents of two directories recursively

A=SOURCEA/A,B=SOURCEB/A,BUF=BUFSIZE/N,SRD=SKIPROOTDOTFILES/S,COM=CHECKCOMMENTS/S,
Q=QUIET/S,LFORMAT/K,SKIP/K,STATS/S
<nowiki>
SOURCEA - Directory A
SOURCEB - Directory B
BUFSIZE - Buffer size in kilobytes (default 1024)
SKIPROOTDOTFILES - Exclude files and dirs in the root source dir that start
with a dot (.recycled and .trashcan, for example)
CHECKCOMMENTS - Enable file comments comparison
QUIET - Output differences only
LFORMAT - Optional output formatting string:
%P prints the file parent path including / or :
%N prints the file name
%M prints the file name without the extension
%E prints the file extension without the dot
%Q prints characters describing differences
SKIP - Disable specific tests:
F skips comparing file contents
N skips comparing name cases
O skips comparing owner information
P skips comparing protection bits
C skips comparing file comments
D skips comparing dates
S skips comparing file sizes
T skips comparing file types (dir, file, link)
L skips comparing soft links
< skips checking existence of a file in B
> skips checking existence of a file in A
STATS - Prints statistics of the compare operation</nowiki>

MirrorCheck prints a "mismatch" line for each directory entry that differs. Characters from the SKIP argument indicate the difference for each entry.

The official documentation can be found from the SYS:MorphOS/Locale/Help/english/MirrorBackup.guide file.

Examples:
<nowiki>
MirrorCheck A=Work:Music B=SMB2FS0:Music SKIP="NOP" QUIET</nowiki>

Shell Commands/MirrorCheck

2026-06-25T12:07:59Z

JPV:

Shell Commands/MirrorCopy

2026-06-25T11:52:11Z

JPV:

'''MirrorCopy''' - Mirrors directory trees

F=FROM/A,T=TO/A,V=VERBOSE/S,Q=QUIET/S,ND=NODEL=NODELETE/S,NC=NOCRE=NOCREATION/S,
NR=NOREC=NORECREATION/S,NU=NOUPD=NOUPDATE/S,A=ALL/S,NS=NOSOFT/S,NH=NOHARD/S,
DD=DELDIR/K,OD=OLDDIR/K,FP=FILEPAT/K,DP=DIRPAT/K,MNDD=MAKENODUMMYDIRS/S,S=STAT=STATS/S,
B=BUF=FILEBUFFERSIZE/N,DOSBUFFERS/K/N,D=DATE/S,DATEFORMAT=DATEFMT/K,CNT=CONTINUE/S,
SRD=SKIPROOTDOTFILES/S,LOG=LOGFILE/K

<nowiki>
FROM - Source directory
TO - Destination directory
VERBOSE - Displays additional information
QUIET - Suppresses all output but errors
NODELETE - Do not delete any entries from the destination
NOCREATION - Not implemented currently
NORECREATION - Do not recreate any entries in the destination, like replacing
a file with a directory
NOUPDATE - Do not update any entries in the destination, but entries may
still be created and deleted
ALL - Includes sub-directories in the operation
NOSOFT - Do not copy soft links, but they still may be removed from
the destination
NOHARD - Do not copy or delete hard links, but they still can get
overwritten by different types of entries
DELDIR - Move files into a specified directory instead of deleting them
(DELDIR must reside on the same volume as TO)
OLDDIR - Not implemented currently
FILEPAT - Not implemented currently
DIRPAT - Not implemented currently
MAKENODUMMYDIRS - Not implemented currently
STATS - Prints statistics of the mirroring operation
FILEBUFFERSIZE - File copy buffer size in kilobytes (default 1024)
DOSBUFFERS - Changes drive's cache buffers temporarily to this value
DATE - Creates a date-based sub-directory where files are moved with
the DELDIR option
DATEFORMAT - Formatting string for the DATE directory, see the Date command for
substitution operators, but avoid using anything that produces
: or / characters
CONTINUE - Do not exit on errors while modifying the destination
directory (doesn't affect to scanning errors)
SKIPROOTDOTFILES - Exclude files and dirs in the root dir that start
with a dot (.recycled and .trashcan, for example)
LOGFILE - Write or append output to a file
</nowiki>

The official documentation can be found from the SYS:MorphOS/Locale/Help/english/MirrorBackup.guide file.

Examples:
<nowiki>

</nowiki>

Supported Computers

2026-06-25T10:33:52Z

JPV: Added Mirari and couple other changes

''Originally published at: http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=65055''

''Original author: takemehomegrandma''

This is a list of complete computer setups for MorphOS use. More detailed harware support information is available at http://morphos-team.net/hardware

MorphOS has certain limits for the main memory on all supported systems. Quark kernel can use up to 2GiB of memory and ABox up to 1.7GiB. If more than 2GiB of memory is installed, it is just ignored. Some systems also have lower physical limits.

== Genesi Hardware ==

In the beginning of the MorphOS journey, Genesi and bPlan played an important role of the early MorphOS development in many fundamental ways. Providing resources was one, providing a new HW platform was another. Although Genesi and the MorphOS Team later moved in separate directions, a legacy remains in the shape of two official Genesi systems that MorphOS runs on, and a few mainboards (motherboards) besides that.

Of course, those mainboards were also used as a central component by *several* third party resellers when they put together their own various systems (of various configurations) for their customers that probably still is available from time to time on the second hand market. Those systems are not listed here though.

These mainboards that MorphOS runs on are:

* Pegasos 1 ("original"/unfixed), 750CXe G3 @ 600MHz
* Pegasos 1 (April 1), 750CXe G3 @ 600MHz
* Pegasos 1 (April 2), 750CXe G3 @ 600MHz
* Pegasos 2, 750CXe G3 @ 600MHz
* Pegasos 2, MPC7447 G4 @ 1.0GHz
* Efika 5200B

As previously mentioned, many systems were put together by numerous third party dealers based on these motherboards.

Official systems based on these were:

* [http://www.genesi-tech.com/products/opendesktop Open Desktop Workstation (ODW)]
* [http://www.genesi-tech.com/products/openclient/5200b EFIKA Open Client]

(BTW, The Efika mainboard, the case, and a bundle of board and case, can still be purchased new from [http://search.directron.com/newsearch.php?find=efika&x=-250&y=-93 Directron.com])

== Mac mini ==

We are many who has fallen in love with the Mac Mini, a very small footprint, highly integrated, silent, yet very powerful G4 computer. All models works fine with MorphOS, but if you can, you should look for the 1.5GHz silent upgrade version that has 64MB Video Memory. You *can* use MorphOS with the 32MB coming with the other versions (depending on how you use the computer, you may want to turn off some visual "bells and whistles" that MorphOS offers), but with 64MB you will have your back covered in a better way. And this is not something specific to the Mac Mini, but to MorphOS in general — if you have the option to get 64MB or more of Video Memory, do it!

Here is a list of supported Mac Mini machines, with links to the great "everymac.com" site with loads of additional, detailed information on each and every one of these:

* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac_mini_g4_1.25.html Mac Mini G4/1.25]
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac_mini_g4_1.42.html Mac Mini G4/1.42]
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac_mini_g4_1.33.html Mac Mini G4/1.33] (silent upgrade)
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac_mini_g4_1.5.html Mac Mini G4/1.5] (silent upgrade, '''with 64MB VRAM''')

== eMac ==

The eMac line, originally released exclusively to the education market and later available to the consumer market as well, features an all-in-one case design and affordable performance. It's especially "affordable" today, when you most certainly will pick one up for $0 (or thereabout). It has a CRT built in, which may show some blurry signs of age by now. But hey, its extremely low cost in combination with MorphOS and a G4 performance that "traditional Amigan's" only dreamt of, may very well make this machine interesting.

Here is a list of the supported eMac machines (those not listed here aren't supported), with links to the great "everymac.com" site with loads of additional, detailed information on each and every one of these:

* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/emac/specs/emac_1.25.html eMac G4/1.25 (USB 2.0)] (This was also sold as 1.0 GHz version to educational market and it is supported too, but don't mix it to 1.0 GHz PowerMac4,4 which doesn't work.)
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/emac/specs/emac_1.42.html eMac G4/1.42 (2005)]

== Power Macintosh G4 ==

NVIDIA cards are not supported by MorphOS and would need to be replaced with a suitable Radeon card instead. Special Mac versions of Radeon cards should be used. A GFX card with 64MB or more VMEM is recommended.

Audio is currently only supported for PowerMac3,4 to 3,6 models.

DP = Dual Processors, but MorphOS only supports using one CPU, the other one will be sitting idle.

"Mac Server" is essentially the same HW as PowerMac but with server SW bundled. Doesn't matter if you are going to use it with MorphOS (right?).

Here is a list of supported Power Macintosh G4 machines, with links to the great "everymac.com" site with loads of additional, detailed information on each and every one of these:

* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_350_agp.html Power Macintosh G4 350 (AGP)], PowerMac3,1
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_400_agp.html Power Macintosh G4 400 (AGP)], PowerMac3,1
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_450.html Power Macintosh G4 450 (AGP)], PowerMac3,1
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_500.html Power Macintosh G4 500 (AGP)], PowerMac3,1
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_350.html Mac Server G4 350 (AGP)], PowerMac3,1
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_400.html Mac Server G4 400 (AGP)], PowerMac3,1
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_450.html Mac Server G4 450 (AGP)], PowerMac3,1
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_500.html Mac Server G4 500 (AGP)], PowerMac3,1
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_400_2.html Power Macintosh G4 400 (Gigabit)], PowerMac3,3
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_450_dp.html Power Macintosh G4 450 DP (Gigabit)], PowerMac3,3
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_500_dp.html Power Macintosh G4 500 DP (Gigabit)], PowerMac3,3
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_450_dp.html Mac Server G4 450 DP (Gigabit)], PowerMac3,3
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_500_dp.html Mac Server G4 500 DP (Gigabit)], PowerMac3,3
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_466.html Power Macintosh G4 466 (Digital Audio)], PowerMac3,4
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_533.html Power Macintosh G4 533 (Digital Audio)], PowerMac3,4, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_667.html Power Macintosh G4 667 (Digital Audio)], PowerMac3,4, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_733.html Power Macintosh G4 733 (Digital Audio)], PowerMac3,4, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_533.html Mac Server G4 533 (Digital Audio)], PowerMac3,4, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_533_dp.html Mac Server G4 533 DP (Digital Audio)], PowerMac3,4, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_733_qs.html Power Macintosh G4 733 (Quicksilver)], PowerMac3,5, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_800_dp_qs.html Power Macintosh G4 800 DP (Quicksilver)], PowerMac3,5, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_800_qs.html Power Macintosh G4 800 (QS 2002)], PowerMac3,5
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_867_qs.html Power Macintosh G4 867 (Quicksilver)], PowerMac3,5, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_933_qs.html Power Macintosh G4 933 (QS 2002)], PowerMac3,5, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_1ghz_dp_qs.html Power Macintosh G4 1.0 DP (QS 2002)], PowerMac3,5, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_733_qs.html Mac Server G4 733 (Quicksilver)], PowerMac3,5, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_800_dp_qs.html Mac Server G4 800 DP (Quicksilver)], PowerMac3,5, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_933_qs.html Mac Server G4 933 (QS 2002)], PowerMac3,5
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_1ghz_dp_qs.html Mac Server G4 1.0 DP (QS 2002)], PowerMac3,5
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_867_dp_mdd.html Power Macintosh G4 867 DP (MDD)], PowerMac3,6, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_1.0_dp_mdd.html Power Macintosh G4 1.0 DP (MDD)], PowerMac3,6
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_1.25_dp_mdd.html Power Macintosh G4 1.25 DP (MDD)], PowerMac3,6
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_1.0_mdd.html Power Macintosh G4 1.0 (FW 800)], PowerMac3,6, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_1.25_dp_mdd_fw800.html Power Macintosh G4 1.25 DP (FW 800)], PowerMac3,6
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_1.42_dp_mdd.html Power Macintosh G4 1.42 DP (FW 800)], PowerMac3,6
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_1.25_mdd.html Power Macintosh G4 1.25 (MDD 2003)], PowerMac3,6
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_1.0_dp_mdd.html Mac Server G4 1.0 DP (MDD)], PowerMac3,6, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_server_g4/specs/macserver_g4_1.25_dp_mdd.html Mac Server G4 1.25 DP (MDD)], PowerMac3,6

== PowerBook ==

MorphOS supports all G4 PowerBooks equipped with a Radeon graphics card. Audio isn't currently supported on Titanium (Ti) models.

The MorphOS PowerBook support includes most of the things you would need/expect from an OS supporting Laptops. Touchpad has some extra functionality on models 5,6-5,9.

Here is a list of supported PowerBook G4 machines, with links to the great "everymac.com" site with loads of additional, detailed information on each and every one of these:

* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_867.html PowerBook G4 867 (Ti)], PowerBook3,5 - A1025
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.0.html PowerBook G4 1.0 (Ti)], PowerBook3,5 - A1025
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.0_15.html PowerBook G4 1.0 15" (FW800 - Al)], PowerBook5,2 - A1046
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.25_15.html PowerBook G4 1.25 15" (FW800 - Al)], PowerBook5,2 - A1046
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.33_17.html PowerBook G4 1.33 17" (Al)], PowerBook5,3 - A1052
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.33_15.html PowerBook G4 1.33 15" (Al)], PowerBook5,4 - A1095
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.5_15.html PowerBook G4 1.5 15" (Al)], PowerBook5,4 - A1095
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.5_17.html PowerBook G4 1.5 17" (Al)], PowerBook5,5 - A1085
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.5_15_2.html PowerBook G4 1.5 15" (SMS/BT2 - Al)], PowerBook5,6 - A1106
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.67_15.html PowerBook G4 1.67 15" (Al)], PowerBook5,6 - A1106
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.67_17.html PowerBook G4 1.67 17" (Al)], PowerBook5,7 - A1107
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.67_15_hr.html PowerBook G4 1.67 15" (DLSD/HR - Al)], PowerBook5,8 - A1138
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powerbook_g4/specs/powerbook_g4_1.67_17_hr.html PowerBook G4 1.67 17" (DLSD/HR - Al)], PowerBook5,9 - A1139

== iBook ==

Here is a list of supported iBook machines (in short: all G4 iBooks), with links to the great "everymac.com" site with loads of additional, detailed information on each and every one of these:

* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/ibook/specs/ibook_g4_800_12.html iBook G4/800 12-Inch (Original - Op)]
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/ibook/specs/ibook_g4_933_14.html iBook G4/933 14-Inch (Original - Op)]
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/ibook/specs/ibook_g4_1.0_14.html iBook G4/1.0 14-Inch (Original - Op)]
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/ibook/specs/ibook_g4_1.0_12.html iBook G4/1.0 12-Inch (Early 2004 - Op)]
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/ibook/specs/ibook_g4_1.0_14_2.html iBook G4/1.0 14-Inch (Early 2004 - Op)]
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/ibook/specs/ibook_g4_1.2_14.html iBook G4/1.2 14-Inch (Early 2004 - Op)]
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/ibook/specs/ibook_g4_1.2_12.html iBook G4/1.2 12-Inch (Late 2004 - Op)]
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/ibook/specs/ibook_g4_1.33_14.html iBook G4/1.33 14-Inch (Late 2004 - Op)]
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/ibook/specs/ibook_g4_1.33_12.html iBook G4/1.33 12-Inch (Mid-2005 - Op)]
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/ibook/specs/ibook_g4_1.42_14.html iBook G4/1.42 14-Inch (Mid-2005 - Op)]

== Power Macintosh G5 ==

NVIDIA cards are not supported by MorphOS and would need to be replaced with a suitable Radeon card instead. Special Mac versions of Radeon cards should be used.

DP = Dual Processors (MorphOS only supports using one CPU though)

Here is a list of supported Power Macintosh G5 machines, oldest models first, then ascending in performance:

* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_1.6.html Power Macintosh G5 1.6 (PCI)], PowerMac7,2, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_1.8.html Power Macintosh G5 1.8 (PCI-X)], PowerMac7,2, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_1.8_dp.html Power Macintosh G5 1.8 DP (PCI-X)], PowerMac7,2, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_1.8_dp_2.html Power Macintosh G5 1.8 DP (PCI)], PowerMac'''7,3''', NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_2.0_dp.html Power Macintosh G5 2.0 DP (PCI-X)], PowerMac7,2
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_2.0_dp_2.html Power Macintosh G5 2.0 DP (PCI-X 2)], PowerMac7,3, NVIDIA card
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_2.5_dp.html Power Macintosh G5 2.5 DP (PCI-X)], PowerMac7,3
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_2.0_dp_pci.html Power Macintosh G5 2.0 DP (PCI)], PowerMac7,3
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_2.3_dp.html Power Macintosh G5 2.3 DP (PCI-X)], PowerMac7,3
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_2.7_dp.html Power Macintosh G5 2.7 DP (PCI-X)], PowerMac7,3
* [https://everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_dual_2.0.html Power Macintosh G5 2.0 Dual Core], PowerMac11,2, NVIDIA card, unofficially supported machine ([https://morph.zone/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=12716&forum=11 more info])
* [https://everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_dual_2.3.html Power Macintosh G5 2.3 Dual Core], PowerMac11,2, NVIDIA card, unofficially supported machine ([https://morph.zone/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=12716&forum=11 more info])
* [https://everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g5/specs/powermac_g5_quad_2.5.html Power Macintosh G5 2.5 Quad Core], PowerMac11,2, NVIDIA card, unofficially supported machine ([https://morph.zone/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=12716&forum=11 more info])

== Power Macintosh G4 Cube ==

MorphOS runs on "the Cube", but some HW features are not supported. Network can be made working with some tweaks, but the USB audio presents a problem ([http://www.morphzone.org/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?forum=11&topic_id=6835&start=27 link]).

Here is a list of the Cube machines, with links to the great "everymac.com" site with loads of additional, detailed information:

* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_450_cube.html Power Macintosh G4 450 Cube], PowerMac5,1
* [http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/powermac_g4/specs/powermac_g4_500_cube.html Power Macintosh G4 500 Cube], PowerMac5,1

== ACube Systems Hardware ==

MorphOS 3.8 added the support for Sam460cr and Sam460ex mainboards.

Official systems based on these are:

* [http://www.acube-systems.biz/index.php?page=hardware&pid=7 AmigaOne 500 (Old/Sam460ex)]
* [https://acube-systemsbiz.serversicuro.it/shop/en/14-case-systems AmigaOne 500 (New/Sam460cr)]

== A-EON Technology Hardware ==

MorphOS 3.10 added the support for AmigaOne X5000 mainboard.

* [https://www.a-eon.com/?page=x5000 AmigaOne X5000]

== iMac ==

iMac G5 iSight models are officially supported since MorphOS 3.18.

* [https://everymac.com/systems/apple/imac/specs/imac_g5_2.1_20.html iMac G5 2.1 20-Inch (iSight)], PowerMac12,1
* [https://everymac.com/systems/apple/imac/specs/imac_g5_1.9_17.html iMac G5 1.9 17-Inch (iSight)], PowerMac12,1

== Mirari ==

Mirari is a new entry level PPC mainboard. The initial support was added in MorphOS 3.20.

* [https://mirari.vitasys.nl/ Mirari T1042]

Shell Commands/MirrorCopy

2026-06-24T14:30:26Z

JPV:

Shell Commands/MirrorCopy

2026-06-24T13:56:19Z

JPV: Created page with "'''MirrorCopy''' - Mirrors directory trees F=FROM/A,T=TO/A,V=VERBOSE/S,Q=QUIET/S,ND=NODEL=NODELETE/S,NC=NOCRE=NOCREATION/S, NR=NOREC=NORECREATION/S,NU=NOUPD=NOUPDATE/S,A=ALL/..."

Shell Commands/MirrorCheck

2026-06-24T12:51:12Z

JPV: Created page with "'''MirrorCheck''' - Compares contents of two directories recursively A=SOURCEA/A,B=SOURCEB/A,BUF=BUFSIZE/N,SRD=SKIPROOTDOTFILES/S,COM=CHECKCOMMENTS/S, Q=QUIET/S,LFORMAT/K,SKI..."

'''MirrorCheck''' - Compares contents of two directories recursively

A=SOURCEA/A,B=SOURCEB/A,BUF=BUFSIZE/N,SRD=SKIPROOTDOTFILES/S,COM=CHECKCOMMENTS/S,
Q=QUIET/S,LFORMAT/K,SKIP/K,STATS/S
<nowiki>
SOURCEA - Directory A
SOURCEB - Directory B
BUFSIZE - Buffer size in kilobytes (default 1024)
SKIPROOTDOTFILES - Exclude files and dirs in the root source dir that start
with a dot (.recycled and .trashcan, for example)
CHECKCOMMENTS - Enable file comments comparison
QUIET - Output differences only
LFORMAT - Optional output formatting string:
%P prints the file parent path including / or :
%N prints the file name
%M prints the file name without the extension
%E prints the file extension without the dot
%Q prints characters describing differences
SKIP - Disable specific tests:
F skips comparing file contents
N skips comparing name cases
O skips comparing owner information
P skips comparing protection bits
C skips comparing file comments
D skips comparing dates
S skips comparing file sizes
T skips comparing file types (dir, file, link)
L skips comparing soft links
< skips checking existence of a file in B
> skips checking existence of a file in A
STATS - Prints statistics of the compare operation</nowiki>

MirrorCheck prints a "mismatch" line for each directory entry that differs. Characters from the SKIP argument indicate the difference for each entry.

Examples:
<nowiki>
MirrorCheck A=Work:Music B=SMB2FS0:Music SKIP="NOP" QUIET
</nowiki>

Shell Commands/Automator

2026-06-24T10:30:04Z

JPV: Created page with "'''Automator''' - Controls MUI applications from scripts. It can both inspect and interact with the applications. ACTION/K/A,FORMAT/K,UID=TASKUID/K,OPEN=OPENWINDOWS/S,WINDOWI..."

'''Automator''' - Controls MUI applications from scripts. It can both inspect and interact with the applications.

ACTION/K/A,FORMAT/K,UID=TASKUID/K,OPEN=OPENWINDOWS/S,WINDOWID/K,WINDOWADDRESS/K,
ID=OBJECTID/K,ADDRESS=OBJECTADDRESS/K,CONTENTS/K,LISTACTIVE/K/N,CYCLEACTIVE/K/N,MUIKEY/K

Automator can list running MUI applications, locate objects in MUI windows, control windows (activate, close, bring to front), click on buttons, change selections, and enter text on inputs.

A more detailed documentation can be found on the SYS:Docs/Automator.readme file.

ACTION must be one of the following options:
<nowiki>
LIST - Lists all running MUI applications
WINDOWS - Lists all windows of the application
CLOSEWINDOW - Closes a window
TOFRONT - Brings a window to front
ACTIVATE - Activates a window
OBJECTS - Lists supported objects in a window
CLICK - Clicks a button
SETCONTENTS - Sets contents of a string object
ACKCONTENTS - Sets contents of a string with an Enter press
CHECK - Sets a checkmark object to the selected state
UNCHECK - Sets a checkmark object to the unselected state
SETLISTACTIVE - Sets the active list entry
SETCYCLEACTIVE - Sets the active cycle gadget item
SENDMUIKEY - Sends a MUIKEY to an object</nowiki>

Examples:
<nowiki>
Ram Disk:> Automator ACTION=LIST
100110 AMBIENT
100137 EXPOSE
100420 WAYFARER
100462 MCON.1
Ram Disk:> Automator ACTION=WINDOWS UID=100462
0 "Ambient Shell"
Ram Disk:> Automator ACTION=TOFRONT UID=100462 WINDOWID=0
Ram Disk:> Automator ACTION=OBJECTS UID=100462 WINDOWID=0
BUTTON 271b0478 0 "Page 1"
BUTTON 28ad5d50 0 "Page 2"
BUTTON 330ed840 0 "Add page"
BUTTON 330ed9e0 0 "New window"
BUTTON 330edb80 0 "Detach..."
BUTTON 330edd20 0 "Close page"
Ram Disk:> Automator ACTION=CLICK UID=100462 WINDOWID=0 ADDRESS=330ed840</nowiki>

Tools/FileImageCtrl

2026-06-18T14:06:11Z

JPV: 3.20 added an option to insert an image to the next free slot

== Description ==
A virtual drive manager for persistent and/or temporary mounting of up to 15 disk images.

Supports many image formats and disk layouts, including Amiga (OFS, FFS), MorphOS (SFS, PFS, IceFS), Apple (HFS, HFS+), SGI (XFS), Linux (ext 2/3/4) and Microsoft (FAT, NTFS) as well as optical disk (ISO) images.

== Usage ==

* Drag & drop an image file to the FileImageCtrl window, or select a unit and click the Insert button to select an image file.
* Select a filesystem which matches to the image file's filesystem. The Auto option will work with hard disk images usually, but for floppy disk and CD images it should be selected more carefully.
* Click the Mount button to mount the image file as an accessible device on your system.

FileImageCtrl can also be launched from the shell with the template: ACTION,UNIT/N,MOUNT/S,FILE. If the UNIT argument is not specified or it is set to -1, the given image file is inserted into the next free unit slot.

Example:
<nowiki>
Ram Disk:> SYS:Tools/FileImageCtrl insert 1 mount Work:Workbench.adf
</nowiki>

== Screenshot ==
: [[File:FileImageCtrl.png]]

Tools

2026-06-18T13:59:21Z

JPV: Added DriveImager, MirrorBackup, and SMARTDoctor

Listed below are the tools included in the '''SYS:Tools''' drawer.

Each tool has its own page giving an overview of its purpose and basic usage. Click a program name for more information.

{|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MediaLogger.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/Debug | Debug]]''' Log Server and MediaLogger programs for debugging.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Defrag.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/Defrag | Defrag]]''' A defragmentation tool for SFS formatted disk partitions.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:DriveImager.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/DriveImager | DriveImager]]''' A drive/partition imager.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:FileImageCtrl.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/FileImageCtrl | FileImageCtrl]]''' A virtual drive manager for mounting of up to 15 disk images.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Format.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/Format | Format]]''' A tool for formatting partitions.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:FTManager.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/FTManager | FTManager]]''' A tool for installing freetype fonts.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:HDConfig.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/HDConfig | HDConfig]]''' A harddisk preparation tool.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Installer.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/Installer | Installer]]''' An application installation tool.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MirrorBackup.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/MirrorBackup | MirrorBackup]]''' A backup tool.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Mounter.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/Mounter | Mounter]]''' A tool for mounting and unmounting disk partitions.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Shell_MUICON.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/MUIShell | MUI Shell]]''' Starts a new MUICON shell.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS3_jPV_Netstat2.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/NetStat | NetStat]]''' A comprehensive network information and statistics monitoring tool.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:PFSDoctor.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/PFSDoctor | PFSDoctor]]''' A diagnostic and repair tool for PFS formatted partitions.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:RegTool.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/RegTool | RegTool]]''' The MorphOS online registration tool.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:ScoutNG.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/Scout | Scout]]''' System and MUI monitoring and hacking tool.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:SFSDoctor.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/SFSDoctor | SFSDoctor]]''' A diagnostic and repair tool for SFS formatted partitions.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Shell_SYSCON.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/Shell | Shell]]''' Starts a new SYSCON shell.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:SMARTDoctor.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/SMARTDoctor | SMARTDoctor]]''' S.M.A.R.T. monitoring tool.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Snoopium.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/Snoopium | Snoopium]]''' System, application and DOS monitoring tool.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:UnitControl.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/UnitControl | UnitControl]]''' A storage device management tool.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"| [[File:MorphOS_3.16_WebFontInstaller.png|64px]]||'''[[Tools/WebFontInstaller | WebFontInstaller]]''' A web font downloader and installer.
|}

See also: [[Applications|Applications included with MorphOS]] and [[Utilities|Utilities included with MorphOS]]

Tools/MirrorBackup

2026-06-18T13:48:29Z

JPV: Created page with "== Description == A backup tool to create and restore mirrored backups of partitions or directories at the filesystem level. The program supports virtual image files and shar..."

== Description ==

A backup tool to create and restore mirrored backups of partitions or directories at the filesystem level. The program supports virtual image files and shared SMB drives as destination options.

== Usage ==

== Screenshot ==
: [[File:MirrorBackup.png|640px]]

Tools/DriveImager

2026-06-18T13:32:02Z

JPV: Created page with "== Description == A tool to read and write image files of partitions and drives. == Usage == == Screenshot == : File:DriveImager.png"

== Description ==
A tool to read and write image files of partitions and drives.

== Usage ==

== Screenshot ==
: [[File:DriveImager.png]]

Tools/SMARTDoctor

2026-06-18T13:25:51Z

JPV: Created page with "== Description == A tool to show and monitor S.M.A.R.T. information of connected storage drives. == Usage == Just launch the tool and select a device to be monitored. == Scr..."

== Description ==
A tool to show and monitor S.M.A.R.T. information of connected storage drives.

== Usage ==
Just launch the tool and select a device to be monitored.

== Screenshot ==
: [[File:SMARTDoctor.png]]

Tools/WebFontInstaller

2026-06-18T13:17:26Z

JPV:

== Description ==
A tool to download and install more suitable fonts for web use.

== Usage ==
Just launch the tool and click the Install button.

== Screenshot ==
: [[File:MorphOS_3.16_WebFontInstaller.png]]

Utilities/Commodities

2026-06-18T13:14:11Z

JPV: Added Sticky Qualifiers

Screenbar Modules

2026-06-18T12:59:40Z

JPV: Added Smart

Screenbar modules are plugins which can populate the empty area on the screen title bar with some useful information and functionality. The modules are visible on every (MUI) [[Fundamentals_of_MorphOS#Screens | screen]], which makes them more useful than, for example, Panel Objects which are only seen on the Ambient screen and can be left under some other windows.

Screenbar modules can be enabled and disabled from the screen depth gadget menu. The menu also contains options to arrange the order of the modules and to change their settings. The menu can be accessed by right clicking, or with a long left press, over the [[Fundamentals_of_MorphOS#Screen_Depth_Gadget | screen depth gadget]].

Here is a list of the built-in modules and their characteristics.

== Standard Modules ==
{|
|[[File:Sbar_Clock.png]] '''Clock'''
* A customizable string to show date-related values in every possible way.
* A left click opens a calendar window.
|style="text-align:right;width:96px"|[[File:Sbar_Clock_calendar.png|96px]]
|style="width:130px"|[[File:Sbar_Clock_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_CPU_Monitor.png]] '''CPU Monitor'''
* A CPU load graph with task filtering options.
* Double click opens the [[Utilities/TaskManager | Task Manager]] utility.
||
||[[File:Sbar_CPU_Monitor_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Debug.png]] '''Debug'''
* Opens a debug menu with the left mouse click.
* "Show Log..." is a useful option to check if everything has behaved OK in your system.
|style="text-align:right;"|[[File:Sbar_Debug_menu.png|96px]]
||[[File:Sbar_Debug_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Drivelamps.png]] '''Drivelamps'''
* Shows activity lamps for any mass storage devices connected via IDE, SATA, USB, or SCSI.
* Separates reads and writes by different colors.
||
||[[File:Sbar_Drivelamps_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Eject.png]] '''Eject'''
* Ejects and/or unmounts devices when clicked with the left mouse button.
* Ejects the CD drive if there isn't anything else to unmount, but otherwise gives an eject menu.
* Can unmount mounted ISO images, SMBFS mounts, Kryptos and other fileimages, USB drives, etc.
|style="text-align:right;"|[[File:Sbar_Eject_menu.png|96px]]
||[[File:Sbar_Eject_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Energy.png]] '''Energy'''
* Shows the battery charge on laptops.
* Double click opens an Energy Information window with detailed information about the battery and the current drain.
|style="text-align:right;"|[[File:Sbar_Energy_window.png|96px]]
||[[File:Sbar_Energy_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Grabber.png]] '''Grabber'''
* Grabs screenshots of screens, windows, or user defined areas of the screen.
* Opens a popup menu with the left mouse click.
* User defineable keyboard shortcuts for grabbing.
* Automatic naming of files.
|style="text-align:right;"|[[File:Sbar_Grabber_menu.png|68px]]
||[[File:Sbar_Grabber_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Graphicsmemory.png]] '''Graphicsmemory'''
* Shows the graphics memory usage.
* Can show the information as percentage or megabytes, and/or as a graphical gauge bar.
* Double click opens the [[Utilities/GraphicBoards | GraphicBoards]] utility.
||
||[[File:Sbar_Graphicsmemory_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_KeyInput.png]] '''Key input'''
* Can be used to select a keymap, open a [https://library.morph.zone/File:MorphOS_3.10_Screenbar_Keyinput.png virtual keyboard], or launch the [[Utilities/KeyExplorer | Key Explorer]] utility.
|style="text-align:right;"|[[File:Sbar_KeyInput_menu.png|84px]]
||[[File:Sbar_KeyInput_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Memory.png]] '''Memory'''
* Shows the usage of system RAM and/or graphics memory.
* Can show the information as percentages or megabytes, and/or as graphical gauge bars.
||
||[[File:Sbar_Memory_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Network.png]] '''Netlamps'''
* Shows activity lamps for a network device.
* Double click opens the Network Statistics window with comprehensive information and graphs about the network traffic.
|style="text-align:right;"|[[File:Sbar_Network_window.png|96px]]
||[[File:Sbar_Network_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Preferences.png]] '''Preferences'''
* Contains shortcuts to all Ambient, System, and MUI settings.
* User selectable favourites.
|style="text-align:right;"|[[File:Sbar_Preferences_menu.png|76px]]
||[[File:Sbar_Preferences_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Smart.png]] '''Smart'''
* Monitors S.M.A.R.T status of drives.
* The SMARTDoctor tool can be launched with the left mouse click.
||
||[[File:Sbar_Smart_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Thermal.png]] '''Thermal'''
* Monitors the temperature sensors.
* Can show or cycle between CPU, NorthBridge, GPU, and Trackpad sensors.
||
||[[File:Sbar_Thermal_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Titlebar.png]] '''Titlebar'''
* The screen title works as a screenbar module too, although it's always enabled.
* Can be configured to show much more than just the original information. For example memory and battery information, contents of ENV variables, etc.
||
||[[File:Sbar_Titlebar_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Volume.png]] '''Volume'''
* Controls the audio output volume.
* Using the mouse wheel over the module adjusts the volume and a left mouse click opens the volume slider.
* Pressing the alt key while clicking on the module will launch the Mixer program.
* The "Save mixer settings" setting defines if the volume level is saved permanently every time you change it.
|style="text-align:right;"|[[File:Sbar_Volume_menu.png|37px]]
||[[File:Sbar_Volume_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Wireless.png]] '''Wireless'''
* Shows the wireless network status.
* A left mouse click scans for nearby WLANs and shows the results in a popup menu when the scanning is complete.
||
|style="text-align:right;"|[[File:Sbar_Wireless_menu.png|108px]]
|-
|

== Run Time Modules ==
These screenbar modules are only shown in runtime with certain programs.

|-
|[[File:Sbar_Ambient_SoundPlayer.png]] '''Ambient SoundPlayer'''
* Shown if an audio file is played with the Ambient's internal sound player.
* Can be used to pause or stop (quit) the playback.
* Shows the filename in a text scroller.
|style="height:128px;"|
|-
|[[File:Sbar_Jukebox_small.png]] [[File:Sbar_Jukebox_wide.png]] '''Jukebox'''
* The [[Utilities/Jukebox | Jukebox]] music player has two options for a screenbar module: small and wide.
* Both modules give a control menu when clicked with the left mouse button.
* Jukebox's volume setting can be adjusted with the mouse wheel over the module.
* The wide module has control buttons and a fully configurable text scroller.
|style="text-align:right;"|[[File:Sbar_Jukebox_small_menu.png|70px]]
||[[File:Sbar_Jukebox_settings.png|128px]]
|-
|[[File:Sbar_ZVNC.png]] '''ZVNC'''
* The [[Applications/ZVNC | ZVNC]] application creates a screenbar module with a popup menu for controlling it.
|style="height:111px;"|
|style="text-align:right;"|[[File:Sbar_ZVNC_menu.png|70px]]
|}

== 3rd Party Modules ==

3rd party modules should always be installed in the SYS:Classes/Screenbar directory. The Modules->Rescan option from the screen depth menu activates the newly installed modules without a reboot.

There's a good amount of 3rd party modules ranging from small funny gadgets to more serious and informative ones, and they can be found for example [https://www.morphos-storage.net/?page=Ambient/Screenbar here].

Bundled Games

2026-06-18T12:49:31Z

JPV: Added Paper Football

Listed below are the games included in the '''SYS:Games''' drawer.

Each game has its own page giving an overview of it. Click the names for more information.

{|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Diamonds.png|64px]]||'''[[Bundled_Games/Diamonds | Diamonds]]''' A puzzle with lots of shiny gems.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Minesweeper.png|64px]]||'''[[Bundled_Games/Minesweeper | Minesweeper]]''' A traditional minesweeper game.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:PaperFootball.png|64px]]||'''[[Bundled_Games/PaperFootball | Paper Football]]''' A classic table-top game.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS_3.10_Game_PixelCross_1.png|64px]]||'''[[Bundled_Games/PixelCross | PixelCross]]''' A simple but addictive mind game.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS_3.16_Wordy.png|64px]]||'''[[Bundled_Games/Wordy | Wordy]]''' A word game.
|}

Bundled Games/PaperFootball

2026-06-18T12:46:52Z

JPV: Created page with "== Description == A classic table-top game played against a computer opponent. == Usage == == Screenshot == : File:PaperFootball.png"

== Description ==

A classic table-top game played against a computer opponent.

== Usage ==

== Screenshot ==
: [[File:PaperFootball.png]]

Applications

2026-06-18T12:35:41Z

JPV: Added Minipro

Listed below are the applications included in the '''SYS:Applications''' drawer.

Each application has its own page giving an overview of its purpose and basic usage. Click an application name for more information.

{|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Apdf.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Apdf | Apdf]]''' A PDF viewer.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS3_jPV_Gfxspeed.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Benchmark | Benchmark]]''' A benchmarking suite which includes DiskSpeed, SCSISpeed, and GfxSpeed applications.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS3_jPV_Flacapella1.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Flacapella | Flacapella]]''' A CDDA ripper/encoder.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS3_jPV_Scribble.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/FlowStudio | FlowStudio]]''' A full-featured text editor and IDE based on Scintilla.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Hex.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Hex | Hex]]''' A hex editor for files, disks, and memory.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS_3.16_Iris.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Iris | Iris]]''' A modern email client.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS3_jPV_Jalapeno3.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Jalapeno | Jalapeno]]''' A simple CD/DVD authoring application.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Kryptos.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Kryptos | Kryptos]]''' A TrueCrypt compatible disk encryption suite.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:LCDMonitorTest.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/LCDMonitorTest | LCD Monitor Test]]''' For testing and repairing LCD monitors.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:LogTool.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/LogTool | LogTool]]''' A comprehensive MorphOS debugging companion.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Minipro.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Minipro | Minipro]]''' A program for controlling XGecu chip programmers.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS3_jPV_Rdesktop.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/RDesktop | RDesktop]]''' A Remote Desktop client supporting the RDP protocol.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:RemoteShell.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/RemoteShell | Remote Shell]]''' A fully configurable MUI based SSH client.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS3_jPV_Scandal.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/SCANdal | SCANdal]]''' A fully featured scanning suite.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Review_jpv_Showgirls.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/ShowCase | ShowCase]]''' A powerful image viewer with advanced image manipulation options.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Sketch.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Sketch | Sketch]]''' A painting application.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS3_jPV_SynergyServer.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Synergy | Synergy]]''' Synergy protocol client and server applications.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:Transfer.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Transfer | Transfer]]''' A graphical FTP/SFTP client.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS3_jPV_Vncserver.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/VNCServer | VNC Server]]''' A remote access server allowing clients to connect using the VNC protocol.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS3_jPV_Vpdf1.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/VPDF | VPDF]]''' The PDF viewer on MorphOS.
|-
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:MorphOS_3.16_Wayfarer.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/Wayfarer | Wayfarer]]''' The latest WebKit based browser.
|
| style="height:70px; width:70px"|[[File:ZVNC.png|64px]]||'''[[Applications/ZVNC | ZVNC]]''' An input only VNC client.
|}

See also: [[Tools|Tools included with MorphOS]] and [[Utilities|Utilities included with MorphOS]]

Applications/Minipro

2026-06-18T12:23:58Z

JPV: Created page with "== Description == A MorphOS native GUI front-end for the open source minipro program for controlling XGecu's series of chip programmers. == Usage == == Screenshot == : Fi..."

== Description ==
A MorphOS native GUI front-end for the open source minipro program for controlling XGecu's series of chip programmers.

== Usage ==

== Screenshot ==
: [[File:Minipro.png|640px]]

File:Minipro.png

2026-06-17T14:46:40Z

JPV: SYS:Applications/Minipro/Minipro

SYS:Applications/Minipro/Minipro

File:PaperFootball.png

2026-06-17T14:46:04Z

JPV: SYS:Games/PaperFootball/PaperFootball

SYS:Games/PaperFootball/PaperFootball

File:DriveImager.png

2026-06-17T14:45:21Z

JPV: SYS:Tools/DriveImager

SYS:Tools/DriveImager